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Ballet

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the evolution

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Ballet

in history

1300–1500

Italian Renaissance: French Court Operas performed for aristocratic and upper class family courts would include dance breaks within the traditional opera performance. Many of these ballet segments would celebrate a joyful event, such as a marriage, birth, etc. One very wealthy family that enjoyed these elaborate celebrations was the Medici family. When Catherine de Medici married King Henry II of France, she brought these dances with her to French court. The Medici family, with the help of French court funded the initial stages of ballet, thus having control of what was portrayed, similar to that of early operas that were performed in royal courts.

1600

The Baroque Era Although ballet eventually became its own form of theatrical art, its early developments maintained a close association with opera. Ballets spread rapidly throughout Europe, touring around Europe and performing for aristocrats. From 1633-1648, King Wladyslaw IV Vasa of Poland hosted Italian opera productions that included ballet performances in some scenes, thus blending the two together. In 1661 King Louis XIV founded the first ever ballet school, the Academie Royale de Danse (The Royal Academy of Dance).

1700

In 1700, female ballet dancers became more prominent in performances because now the public wasn't as against female performers as they once were. During this time, the style of ballet changed drastically. Ballet began to include higher jumps, sharper turns, more flexible shoes, pointed feet and more. Women wanted to be freer in their dance abilities. Marie Salle, was an important dancer in that she challenged the norm. She wore her natural hair down, and wore looser clothing. One other women witnessed the beauty in the airiness of her dancing, they followed her lead.

1800

In 1789, the French Revolution affected society, politics and ballet. As the revolution challenged the monarchy, they also overthrew many of its royal institutions, including The Royal Academy of Dance. However, the Academy went on to continue showing underground performances. Following the French Revolution, the themes portrayed in ballets changed. Instead of focusing of mythological figures and stories of heroes, the ballet increased their focus on realism and nationalism. At this time operas and ballets went from being played by aristocrats, to aristocrats being played. As ballet continued to grow, society wanted more variation. By the mid 18thcentury, choreographers where using ballets to tell stories. These stories would often include God, heroes, nobles, the royal family, court life, and even peasants and other common people to make it more relatable to the largest audience possible.

1900

The Romantic Era During the 19th century female performers decided to push the limits, with changes in costumes, dance style and the development of dancing en pointe. In 1926 the Royal Ballet opened in England with choreographer Sir Frederick Ashton and ballerina Dame Margot Fonteyn. In 1929, The Paris Opera Ballet was reformed by Serge Lifar. In 1937 the American Ballet Theater was founded, followed by the New York City Ballet in 1948. Ballet was taking off in North America.

2000

Since the 1990’s ballet dancers have been recognized as extreme athletes. The flexibility as well as core, leg and ankle strength is unparalleled. In Swan Lake specifically, there is a part where the black swan executes 32 Fouettés. “Fouetté“ is French for whipped. This sequence is one of the hardest in ballet and many physicists have studied the difficulty of it, estounded by dancers' ability to execute it.

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