The chemistry of snow and ice
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Why does every snowflake have six sides? Why does ice float on water instead of sinking? Think you’re the expert on water’s unique properties? Test your wits.
01
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To how many other water molecules can a single water molecule in a snowflake form hydrogen bonds?
Two
Six
Four
Eight
21
80
42
121
02
As of 2013, how many categories of snowflakes had researchers identified?
4 ˚C
0 ˚C
2 ˚C
–2 ˚C
03
At what temperature is water’s density highest?
10
90
50
120
04
What is the smallest number of water molecules that can form an ice crystal, according to a recent study?
1,000
100,000
10,000
1,000,000
05
Photochemical reactions on ice crystals in polar stratospheric clouds produce chlorine radicals that deplete ozone. Approximately how many ozone molecules can each chlorine radical destroy?
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
06
Ice cores drilled in Antarctica and Greenland yield information on Earth’s past atmosphere and climate. Ratios of isotopes of which element in ice cores are used to estimate past temperatures?
500,000 years
2 million years
1 million years
5 million years
07
How old is the oldest ice core drilled to date?
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