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INTERNATIONAL
REAL ESTATE GUIDE
2022
REAL ESTATE GUIDE
2022
Produced by our property specialists, our International Real Estate Guide covers headline economic data, rental values for the office and industrial sectors, and leasing and purchasing costs for key commercial property locations across the world.
Our International Real Estate Guide includes an interactive map containing essential real estate information for each country.
Turkey
Sweden
Romania
Sweden
Romania
Spain
Turkey
Russia
Hungary
Philippines Leasing Practice
Thailand Leasing Practice
Malaysia Leasing Practice
Indonesia Leasing Practice
Netherlands
Hong Kong Leasing Practice
China Leasing Practice
India Leasing Practice
Japan Leasing Practice
New Zealand Leasing Practice
Singapore Leasing Practice
Taiwan Leasing Practice
South Korea Leasing Practice
Vietnam Leasing Practice
Norway
Singapore Country Information
Philippines Country Information
Malaysia Country Information
Indonesia Country Information
Hong Kong Country Information
China Country Information
India Country Information
Japan Country Information
New Zealand Country Information
South Korea Country Information
Thailand Country Information
Taiwan Country Information
Ireland
Vietnam Country Information
Italy
Germany
Sweden
Romania
Switzerland
Turkey
Spain
Singapore Purchase & Leasing Costs
New Zealand Purchase & Leasing Costs
India Purchase & Leasing Costs
China Purchase & Leasing Costs
Hong Kong Purchase & Leasing Costs
Indonesia Purchase & Leasing Costs
Japan Purchase & Leasing Costs
Malaysia Purchase & Leasing Costs
Philippines Purchase & Leasing Costs
Taiwan Purchase & Leasing Costs
Lithuania
South Korea Purchase & Leasing Costs
Thailand Purchase & Leasing Costs
Vietnam Purchase & Leasing Costs
Greece
Russia
Spain
Norway
Romania
Switzerland
Luxembourg
Germany
Slovakia
Denmark
Netherlands
Sweden
Hungary
Bulgaria
Lithuania
Portugal
Netherlands
United Kingdom
Luxembourg
United Kingdom
Switzerland
Czech Republic
Norway
Slovakia
Poland
Spain
Netherlands
Lithuania
Poland
Norway
Slovakia
Portugal
Czech Republic
Portugal
Poland
Czech Republic
Italy
Australia
Greece
Greece
Luxembourg
Belgium
Hungary
Ireland
United Kingdom
Denmark
Belgium
Australia
Bulgaria
Finland
Denmark
Bulgaria
Slovakia
Luxembourg
Poland
Belgium
Germany
France
France
Switzerland
Australia
Hungary
Russia
United Kingdom
Portugal
Austria
Russia
Ireland
Leasing Practice
Leasing Practice
Country Information
Leasing Practice
Country Information
Country Information
Austria
Germany
Finland
Austria
Ireland
Czech Republic
Belgium
Finland
Purchase & Leasing Costs
Purchase & Leasing Costs
Purchase & Leasing Costs
Lithuania
France
Greece
Australia
Italy
Italy
Denmark
Bulgaria
Finland
France
Turkey
Austria
Purchase & Leasing Costs
Purchase & Leasing Costs
Purchase & Leasing Costs
Purchase & Leasing Costs
Purchase & Leasing Costs
Purchase & Leasing Costs
Purchase & Leasing Costs
Purchase & Leasing Costs
Purchase & Leasing Costs
Purchase & Leasing Costs
Purchase & Leasing Costs
Purchase & Leasing Costs
Purchase & Leasing Costs
Purchase & Leasing Costs
Purchase & Leasing Costs
Purchase & Leasing Costs
Purchase & Leasing Costs
Purchase & Leasing Costs
Purchase & Leasing Costs
Country Information
Purchase & Leasing Costs
Purchase & Leasing Costs
Purchase & Leasing Costs
Country Information
Country Information
Country Information
Country Information
Purchase & Leasing Costs
Country Information
Purchase & Leasing Costs
Country Information
Country Information
Country Information
Country Information
Country Information
Purchase & Leasing Costs
Country Information
Country Information
Country Information
Country Information
Country Information
Country Information
Leasing Practice
Country Information
Leasing Practice
Country Information
Leasing Practice
Country Information
Country Information
Leasing Practice
Leasing Practice
Purchase & Leasing Costs
Leasing Practice
Leasing Practice
Leasing Practice
Leasing Practice
Leasing Practice
Purchase & Leasing Costs
Leasing Practice
Country Information
Leasing Practice
Leasing Practice
Leasing Practice
Country Information
Leasing Practice
Leasing Practice
Leasing Practice
Leasing Practice
Country Information
Leasing Practice
Leasing Practice
Leasing Practice
Country Information
Leasing Practice
Country Information
Country Information
Leasing Practice
Leasing Practice
Leasing Practice
Leasing Practice
Leasing Practice
Thailand Prime Rents
South Korea Prime Rents
New Zealand Prime Rents
China Prime Rents
India Prime Rents
Hong Kong Prime Rents
Indonesia Prime Rents
Japan Prime Rents
Malaysia Prime Rents
Philippines Prime Rents
Singapore Prime Rents
Taiwan Prime Rents
Vietnam Prime Rents
Prime Rents
Prime Rents
Prime Rents
Prime Rents
Prime Rents
Prime Rents
Prime Rents
Prime Rents
Prime Rents
Prime Rents
Prime Rents
Prime Rents
Prime Rents
Prime Rents
Prime Rents
Prime Rents
Prime Rents
Prime Rents
Prime Rents
Prime Rents
Prime Rents
Prime Rents
Prime Rents
Prime Rents
Prime Rents
Prime Rents
Prime Rents
Prime Rents
Prime Rents
Prime Rents
Japan
Purchase
Purchase
Purchase
Purchase
Purchase
Purchase
Purchase
Purchase
Purchase
Purchase
Purchase
Purchase
Purchase
Purchase
Purchase
Purchase
Purchase
Purchase
Purchase
Purchase
Purchase
Purchase
Purchase
Purchase
Purchase
Purchase
Purchase
Purchase
Purchase
Purchase
Purchase
Purchase
Purchase
Purchase
Purchase
Purchase
Purchase
Purchase
Purchase
Purchase
Purchase
Purchase
Purchase
Lease
Lease
Lease
Lease
Lease
Lease
Lease
Lease
Lease
Lease
Lease
Lease
Lease
Lease
Lease
Lease
Lease
Lease
Lease
Lease
Lease
Lease
Lease
Lease
Lease
Lease
Lease
Lease
Lease
Lease
Lease
Lease
Lease
Lease
Lease
Lease
Lease
Lease
Lease
Lease
Lease
Lease
Lease
Typical Lease Terms (years)
Typical Lease Terms (years)
Typical Lease Terms (years)
Typical Lease Terms (years)
Typical Lease Terms (years)
Typical Lease Terms (years)
Typical Lease Terms (years)
Typical Lease Terms (years)
Typical Lease Terms (years)
Typical Lease Terms (years)
Typical Lease Terms (years)
Typical Lease Terms (years)
Typical Lease Terms (years)
Typical Lease Terms (years)
Typical Lease Terms (years)
Typical Lease Terms (years)
Typical Lease Terms (years)
Typical Lease Terms (years)
Typical Lease Terms (years)
Typical Lease Terms (years)
Typical Lease Terms (years)
Typical Lease Terms (years)
Typical Lease Terms (years)
Typical Lease Terms (years)
Typical Lease Terms (years)
Typical Lease Terms (years)
Typical Lease Terms (years)
Typical Lease Terms (years)
Typical Lease Terms (years)
Typical Lease Terms (years)
Typical Lease Terms (years)
Typical Lease Terms (years)
Typical Lease Terms (years)
Typical Lease Terms (years)
Typical Lease Terms (years)
Typical Lease Terms (years)
Typical Lease Terms (years)
Typical Lease Terms (years)
Typical Lease Terms (years)
Typical Lease Terms (years)
Typical Lease Terms (years)
Typical Lease Terms (years)
Typical Lease Terms (years)
China
Deposit (months’ rent)
Deposit (months’ rent)
Deposit (months’ rent)
Deposit (months’ rent)
Deposit (months’ rent)
Deposit (months’ rent)
Deposit (months’ rent)
Deposit (months’ rent)
Deposit (months’ rent)
Deposit (months’ rent)
Deposit (months’ rent)
Deposit (months’ rent)
Deposit (months’ rent)
Deposit (months’ rent)
Deposit (months’ rent)
Deposit (months’ rent)
Deposit (months’ rent)
Deposit (months’ rent)
Deposit (months’ rent)
Deposit (months’ rent)
Deposit (months’ rent)
Deposit (months’ rent)
Deposit (months’ rent)
Deposit (months’ rent)
Deposit (months’ rent)
Deposit (months’ rent)
Deposit (months’ rent)
Deposit (months’ rent)
Deposit (months’ rent)
Deposit (months’ rent)
Deposit (months’ rent)
Deposit (months’ rent)
Deposit (months’ rent)
Deposit (months’ rent)
Deposit (months’ rent)
Deposit (months’ rent)
Deposit (months’ rent)
Deposit (months’ rent)
Deposit (months’ rent)
Deposit (months’ rent)
Deposit (months’ rent)
Deposit (months’ rent)
Deposit (months’ rent)
Building Insurance
Building Insurance
Building Insurance
Building Insurance
Building Insurance
Building Insurance
Building Insurance
Building Insurance
Building Insurance
Building Insurance
Building Insurance
Building Insurance
Building Insurance
Building Insurance
Building Insurance
Building Insurance
Building Insurance
Building Insurance
Building Insurance
Building Insurance
Building Insurance
Building Insurance
Building Insurance
Building Insurance
Building Insurance
Building Insurance
Building Insurance
Building Insurance
Building Insurance
Building Insurance
Building Insurance
Building Insurance
Building Insurance
Building Insurance
Building Insurance
Building Insurance
Building Insurance
Building Insurance
Building Insurance
Building Insurance
Building Insurance
Building Insurance
Building Insurance
Sweden
Norway
2 - 3
3
3 – 5 or 5 – 10
6 + 6
5 - 10
3 – 5
3 - 5 or 5 - 10
3 - 5 or 5 - 10
5 – 10
5 - 10
5 – 10
3 – 5
3 - 6
5
3 - 5
3 – 5
3 – 5
5 but now 2 – 3 common
3 – 5
3 + 3 + 3 or 5 + 5 + 5
1 - 3
3 – 5
12
3 – 5 – 7
2 - 3
3 – 5
3 – 5
5 + 5 Year option to renew
3 – 5
2 years Std or 3 - 10 fixed term
3
3 – 7
6 - 12
5 – 10
9
9
5
3 - 5
9
3 – 5
3
3 – 5
2 - 3
3
1 - 2
1 - 3
1 - 2
3 – 6
3 – 12
3
12 – 24
3
2
6
3 – 6
0 – 6
6 – 12
6
3
2
3
3 – 6
3
6
3
3
3
3 – 6
1 – 3
1
6
3
6 - 12
10
2 - 3
6 - 15
3
3
3
12
3
3
3
3
3 - 6
3
Landlord*
Landlord
Landlord*
Landlord*
Landlord
Tenant
Landlord
Landlord*
Tenant
Landlord*
Landlord*
Tenant
Landlord*
Landlord*
Landlord*
Tenant
Landlord & Tenant
Tenant
Tenant
Landlord*
Landlord
Landlord
Tenant
Landlord
Landlord
Landlord*
Landlord
Tenant
Landlord
Landlord*
Tenant
Tenant
Tenant
Landlord
Landlord
Landlord*
Tenant
Landlord*
Landlord
Landlord
Landlord
Landlord
Landlord
South Korea
Broker
Broker
Broker
Broker
Broker
Broker
Broker
Broker
Broker
Broker
Broker
Broker
Broker
Broker
Broker
Broker
Broker
Broker
Broker
Broker
Broker
Broker
Broker
Broker
Broker
Broker
Broker
Broker
Broker
Broker
Broker
Broker
Broker
Broker
Broker
Broker
Broker
Broker
Broker
Broker
Broker
Broker
Broker
Broker
Broker (as % of 1st years rent)
Broker
Broker
Broker (as % of 1st years rent)
Broker
Broker
Broker (as % of 1st years rent)
Broker
Broker (as % of 1st years rent)
Broker
Broker (as % of 1st years rent)
Broker (as % of 1st years rent)
Broker
Broker
Broker
Broker
Broker
Broker
Broker
Broker
Broker
Broker
Broker
Broker (as % of 1st years rent)
Broker
Broker (as % of 1st years rent)
Broker
Broker
Broker
Broker
Broker (as % of 1st years rent)
Broker (as % of 1st years rent)
Broker
Broker
Broker
Broker (as % of 1st years rent)
Broker
Broker
Broker
Broker (as % of 1st years rent)
Broker (as % of 1st years rent)
Broker (as % of 1st years rent)
Finland
Taiwan
Russia
India
USA
1 – 3%
1 – 3%
1 – 5%
1 – 3%
2 - 3%
3% + JPY 60,000
1 – 2.5%
1 – 3%
1 – 3%
1 - 3%
2.75%
1 – 3%
1 – 2%
1 – 3%
3 - 5%
1 – 1.5%
1.5 - 3.5%
1%
1 – 3%
1 – 3%
6.0%
1 – 3%
0.5 – 2%
1.5 – 3%
1.5 – 2%
1 – 2%
1 - 2%
1 - 6%
4 - 5%
1 - 3% of sale price
1 – 1.5%
1 - 2%
1 – 3%
1 - 1.5%
3%
1 – 3%
1 - 4%
3 – 6%
2 – 3%
1 – 3%
1%
3 – 6%
1 - 3%
10 – 15%
15 – 30%
10 - 19%
8.33%
12.5% for 3 years
15 - 17% for 5 years
15 - 17% for 5 years
8 – 12.5%
10%
12 – 16%
13%
8 – 14%
8.33%
15%
8.33%
10 – 15%
8.33%
10 – 15%
8.33%
15%
10 – 15%
15%
8.33%
11 - 16%
5% of gross rent for year 1 - 3,
2.5% of gross rent for remainder of lease term (paid by landlord)
2.5% of gross rent for remainder of lease term (paid by landlord)
4 - 5% on year 1 - 5, 2 - 2.5% of remaining term up to 10 years
4% up to 10 years
(paid by landlord)
(paid by landlord)
7.5 – 10%
12 – 16%
17%
8 – 12%
8.33 - 12.5%
10 – 15%
20 – 25%
15%
10 – 15%
8.33 - 17%
10 – 15%
10 – 15%
8.33%
8%
3 - 5%
25%
10 – 15%
8.33%
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Statutory Renewal Rights
Statutory Renewal Rights
Statutory Renewal Rights
Statutory Renewal Rights
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Statutory Renewal Rights
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Statutory Renewal Rights
Statutory Renewal Rights
Statutory Renewal Rights
Statutory Renewal Rights
Statutory Renewal Rights
Statutory Renewal Rights
Statutory Renewal Rights
Statutory Renewal Rights
Statutory Renewal Rights
Statutory Renewal Rights
Statutory Renewal Rights
Statutory Renewal Rights
Statutory Renewal Rights
Statutory Renewal Rights
Statutory Renewal Rights
Statutory Renewal Rights
Statutory Renewal Rights
Statutory Renewal Rights
Statutory Renewal Rights
Statutory Renewal Rights
Statutory Renewal Rights
Property Taxes
Property Taxes
Property Taxes
Property Taxes
Property Taxes
Property Taxes
Property Taxes
Property Taxes
Property Taxes
Property Taxes
Property Taxes
Property Taxes
Property Taxes
Property Taxes
Property Taxes
Property Taxes
Property Taxes
Property Taxes
Property Taxes
Property Taxes
Property Taxes
Property Taxes
Property Taxes
Property Taxes
Property Taxes
Property Taxes
Property Taxes
Property Taxes
Property Taxes
Property Taxes
Property Taxes
Property Taxes
Property Taxes
Property Taxes
Property Taxes
Property Taxes
Property Taxes
Property Taxes
Property Taxes
Property Taxes
Property Taxes
Property Taxes
Property Taxes
Netherlands
Hong Kong
United Kingdom
Prime Office
USD/sqm/year
USD/sqm/year
Prime Office
USD/sqm/year
USD/sqm/year
Prime Office
EUR/sqm/year
EUR/sqm/year
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EUR/sqm/year
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USD/sqm/year
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EUR/sqft/year
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USD/sqft/year
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EUR/sqft/year
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EUR/sqft/year
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EUR/sqft/year
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USD/sqft/year
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EUR/sqft/year
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Prime Industrial
EUR/sqft/year
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EUR/sqft/year
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Prime Industrial
EUR/sqft/year
EUR/sqft/year
Prime Industrial
USD/sqft/year
USD/sqft/year
NOK/sqm/year
JPY/tsubo/month
(1 tsubo=3.3 sqm)
(1 tsubo=3.3 sqm)
€/sqm/month
€/sqm/month
SGD/sqft/month
MXN/sqm/month
AUD/sqm/year
RUB or $/sqm/year
USD/sqft/month
PHP/sqm/month
€/sqm/year
THB/sqm/month
CAD/sqft/year
€/sqft/year
£/sqft/year
€/sqm/month
€/sqm/month
RMB/sqm/month or
RMB/sqm/day (varies by location)
RMB/sqm/day (varies by location)
€/sqm/month
€ or $/sqm/month
€/sqm/month
€/sqm/month
HKD/sqft/month
€/sqm/month
CHF/sqm/year
MYR/sqft/month
INR/sqft/month
€/sqm/month
€/sqm/month
SEK/sqm/year
TWD/ping/month
(1 ping=3.3 sqm)
(1 ping=3.3 sqm)
€/sqm/month
€/sqm/month
€/sqm/year
KRW/pyung/month
(1 pyung = 3.3 sqm)
(1 pyung = 3.3 sqm)
€/sqm/month
€/sqm/year
DKK/sqm/year
IDR/sqm/month
or USD/sqm/month
or USD/sqm/month
NZD/sqm/year
€/sqm/month
€/sqft/year
USD/sqm/month (note: rents converted and paid in VND)
No
Yes
No
No
Yes (subject to contract)
No
No
Yes
No
No
Yes (option to opt out)
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes (option to opt out)
No (Contract runs until
notice is given)
notice is given)
Yes
Not automatic but options
to renew
to renew
Yes (subject to contract)
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
No
No – option to renew for
5 years
5 years
No
No
Yes
No
No
No
No but negotiable where
fixed renewal rights
fixed renewal rights
No
No
No
No
No
No
Yes for std lease,
no for fixed term lease
no for fixed term lease
N/A
Landlord
Tenant
Landlord
Tenant
Tenant
Tenant
Tenant
Tenant
Tenant
Landlord
N/A
Tenant
Tenant
Landlord
Landlord
Landlord
Landlord
Tenant pays increases
Landlord
Landlord
Tenant
Landlord*
Tenant
Tenant
Tenant
Landlord
Tenant
Tenant
Tenant
Landlord
Landlord
Tenant
Landlord
Landlord
Landlord
Landlord
Landlord
Landlord
Landlord
Landlord
Landlord
Landlord
Currency
Currency
Currency
Currency
Currency
Currency
Currency
Currency
Currency
Currency
Currency
Currency
Currency
Currency
Currency
Currency
Currency
Currency
Currency
Currency
Currency
Currency
Currency
Currency
Currency
Currency
Currency
Currency
Currency
Currency
Currency
Currency
Currency
Currency
Currency
Currency
Currency
Currency
Currency
Currency
Currency
Currency
Currency
Population
Population
Population
Population
Population
Population
Population
Population
Population
Population
Population
Population
Population
Population
Population
Population
Population
Population
Population
Population
Population
Population
Population
Population
Population
Population
Population
Population
Population
Population
Population
Population
Population
Population
Population
Population
Population
Population
Population
Population
Population
Population
Population
Annual Population Growth
Annual Population Growth
Annual Population Growth
Annual Population Growth
Annual Population Growth
Annual Population Growth
Annual Population Growth
Annual Population Growth
Annual Population Growth
Annual Population Growth
Annual Population Growth
Annual Population Growth
Annual Population Growth
Annual Population Growth
Annual Population Growth
Annual Population Growth
Annual Population Growth
Annual Population Growth
Annual Population Growth
Annual Population Growth
Annual Population Growth
Annual Population Growth
Annual Population Growth
Annual Population Growth
Annual Population Growth
Annual Population Growth
Annual Population Growth
Annual Population Growth
Annual Population Growth
Annual Population Growth
Annual Population Growth
Annual Population Growth
Annual Population Growth
Annual Population Growth
Annual Population Growth
Annual Population Growth
Annual Population Growth
Annual Population Growth
Annual Population Growth
Annual Population Growth
Annual Population Growth
Annual Population Growth
Annual Population Growth
GDP
per Capita,
USD
per Capita,
USD
GDP
per Capita,
USD
per Capita,
USD
GDP
per Capita,
USD
per Capita,
USD
GDP
per Capita,
USD
per Capita,
USD
GDP
per Capita,
USD
per Capita,
USD
GDP
per Capita,
USD
per Capita,
USD
GDP
per Capita,
USD
per Capita,
USD
GDP
per Capita,
USD
per Capita,
USD
GDP
per Capita,
USD
per Capita,
USD
GDP
per Capita,
USD
per Capita,
USD
GDP
per Capita,
USD
per Capita,
USD
GDP
per Capita,
USD
per Capita,
USD
GDP
per Capita,
USD
per Capita,
USD
GDP
per Capita,
USD
per Capita,
USD
GDP
per Capita,
USD
per Capita,
USD
GDP
per Capita,
USD
per Capita,
USD
GDP
per Capita,
USD
per Capita,
USD
GDP
per Capita,
USD
per Capita,
USD
GDP
per Capita,
USD
per Capita,
USD
GDP
per Capita,
USD
per Capita,
USD
GDP
per Capita,
USD
per Capita,
USD
GDP
per Capita,
USD
per Capita,
USD
GDP
per Capita,
USD
per Capita,
USD
GDP
per Capita,
USD
per Capita,
USD
GDP
per Capita,
USD
per Capita,
USD
GDP
per Capita,
USD
per Capita,
USD
GDP
per Capita,
USD
per Capita,
USD
GDP
per Capita,
USD
per Capita,
USD
GDP
per Capita,
USD
per Capita,
USD
GDP
per Capita,
USD
per Capita,
USD
GDP
per Capita,
USD
per Capita,
USD
GDP
per Capita,
USD
per Capita,
USD
GDP
per Capita,
USD
per Capita,
USD
GDP
per Capita,
USD
per Capita,
USD
GDP
per Capita,
USD
per Capita,
USD
GDP
per Capita,
USD
per Capita,
USD
GDP
per Capita,
USD
per Capita,
USD
GDP
per Capita,
USD
per Capita,
USD
GDP
per Capita,
USD
per Capita,
USD
GDP
per Capita,
USD
per Capita,
USD
GDP
per Capita,
USD
per Capita,
USD
GDP
per Capita,
USD
per Capita,
USD
GDP
per Capita,
USD
per Capita,
USD
Corruption Perception
Ranking
Ranking
Corruption Perception
Ranking
Ranking
Corruption Perception
Ranking
Ranking
Corruption Perception
Ranking
Ranking
Corruption Perception
Ranking
Ranking
Corruption Perception
Ranking
Ranking
Corruption Perception
Ranking
Ranking
Corruption Perception
Ranking
Ranking
Corruption Perception
Ranking
Ranking
Corruption Perception
Ranking
Ranking
Corruption Perception
Ranking
Ranking
Corruption Perception
Ranking
Ranking
Corruption Perception
Ranking
Ranking
Corruption Perception
Ranking
Ranking
Corruption Perception
Ranking
Ranking
Corruption Perception
Ranking
Ranking
Corruption Perception
Ranking
Ranking
Corruption Perception
Ranking
Ranking
Corruption Perception
Ranking
Ranking
Corruption Perception
Ranking
Ranking
Corruption Perception
Ranking
Ranking
Corruption Perception
Ranking
Ranking
Corruption Perception
Ranking
Ranking
Corruption Perception
Ranking
Ranking
Corruption Perception
Ranking
Ranking
Corruption Perception
Ranking
Ranking
Corruption Perception
Ranking
Ranking
Corruption Perception
Ranking
Ranking
Corruption Perception
Ranking
Ranking
Corruption Perception
Ranking
Ranking
Corruption Perception
Ranking
Ranking
Corruption Perception
Ranking
Ranking
Corruption Perception
Ranking
Ranking
Corruption Perception
Ranking
Ranking
Corruption Perception
Ranking
Ranking
Corruption Perception
Ranking
Ranking
Corruption Perception
Ranking
Ranking
Corruption Perception
Ranking
Ranking
Corruption Perception
Ranking
Ranking
Corruption Perception
Ranking
Ranking
Corruption Perception
Ranking
Ranking
Corruption Perception
Ranking
Ranking
Corruption Perception
Ranking
Ranking
Capital
City
City
Capital
City
City
Capital
City
City
Capital
City
City
Capital
City
City
Capital
City
City
Capital
City
City
Capital
City
City
Capital
City
City
Capital
City
City
Capital
City
City
Capital
City
City
Capital
City
City
Capital
City
City
Capital
City
City
Capital
City
City
Capital
City
City
Capital
City
City
Capital
City
City
Capital
City
City
Capital
City
City
Capital
City
City
Capital
City
City
Capital
City
City
Capital
City
City
Capital
City
City
Capital
City
City
Capital
City
City
Capital
City
City
Capital
City
City
Capital
City
City
Capital
City
City
Capital
City
City
Capital
City
City
Capital
City
City
Capital
City
City
Capital
City
City
Capital
City
City
Capital
City
City
Capital
City
City
Capital
City
City
Capital
City
City
Capital
City
City
Thailand
Prime Office
USD/sqm/year
USD/sqm/year
Prime Office
USD/sqft/year
USD/sqft/year
Prime Industrial
USD/sqm/year
USD/sqm/year
Prime Industrial
USD/sqft/year
USD/sqft/year
Denmark
Prime Office
USD/sqm/year
USD/sqm/year
Prime Office
USD/sqm/year
USD/sqm/year
Prime Office
USD/sqft/year
USD/sqft/year
Prime Office
USD/sqft/year
USD/sqft/year
Prime Industrial
USD/sqm/year
USD/sqm/year
Prime Industrial
USD/sqm/year
USD/sqm/year
Prime Industrial
USD/sqft/year
USD/sqft/year
Prime Industrial
USD/sqft/year
USD/sqft/year
Lawyer
Lawyer
Lawyer
Lawyer
Lawyer
Philippines
Lawyer
Lawyer
Lawyer
Lawyer
Lawyer
Lithuania
Lawyer
Lawyer
Lawyer
Lawyer
Lawyer
Lawyer
Lawyer
Lawyer
Lawyer
Lawyer
Lawyer
Lawyer
Lawyer
Lawyer
Lawyer
Lawyer
Lawyer
Lawyer
Lawyer
Lawyer
Lawyer
Lawyer
Lawyer
Lawyer
Lawyer
Lawyer
Lawyer
Lawyer
Lawyer
Lawyer
Lawyer
Lawyer
Lawyer
Lawyer
Lawyer
Lawyer
Lawyer
Lawyer
Lawyer
Lawyer
Lawyer
Lawyer
Lawyer
Lawyer
Lawyer
Lawyer
Lawyer
Lawyer
Lawyer
Lawyer
Lawyer
Lawyer
Lawyer
Lawyer
Lawyer
Lawyer
Lawyer
Lawyer
Lawyer
Lawyer
Lawyer
Lawyer
Lawyer
Lawyer
Lawyer
Lawyer
Lawyer
Lawyer
Lawyer
Lawyer
Lawyer
Lawyer
Lawyer
Lawyer
Lawyer
Prime Office
USD/sqm/year
USD/sqm/year
Prime Office
USD/sqm/year
USD/sqm/year
Prime Office
USD/sqm/year
USD/sqm/year
Prime Office
USD/sqm/year
USD/sqm/year
Prime Office
USD/sqm/year
USD/sqm/year
Prime Office
USD/sqm/year
USD/sqm/year
Prime Office
USD/sqm/year
USD/sqm/year
Prime Office
USD/sqm/year
USD/sqm/year
Prime Office
USD/sqm/year
USD/sqm/year
Prime Office
USD/sqm/year
USD/sqm/year
Prime Office
USD/sqft/year
USD/sqft/year
Prime Office
USD/sqft/year
USD/sqft/year
Prime Office
USD/sqft/year
USD/sqft/year
Prime Office
USD/sqft/year
USD/sqft/year
Prime Office
USD/sqft/year
USD/sqft/year
Prime Office
USD/sqft/year
USD/sqft/year
Prime Office
USD/sqft/year
USD/sqft/year
Prime Office
USD/sqft/year
USD/sqft/year
Prime Office
USD/sqft/year
USD/sqft/year
Prime Office
USD/sqft/year
USD/sqft/year
Vietnam
Prime Industrial
USD/sqm/year
USD/sqm/year
Prime Industrial
USD/sqm/year
USD/sqm/year
Prime Industrial
USD/sqm/year
USD/sqm/year
Prime Industrial
USD/sqm/year
USD/sqm/year
Prime Industrial
USD/sqm/year
USD/sqm/year
Prime Industrial
USD/sqm/year
USD/sqm/year
Prime Industrial
USD/sqm/year
USD/sqm/year
Prime Industrial
USD/sqm/year
USD/sqm/year
Prime Industrial
USD/sqm/year
USD/sqm/year
Prime Industrial
USD/sqm/year
USD/sqm/year
Prime Industrial
USD/sqft/year
USD/sqft/year
Prime Industrial
USD/sqft/year
USD/sqft/year
Prime Industrial
USD/sqft/year
USD/sqft/year
Prime Industrial
USD/sqft/year
USD/sqft/year
Prime Industrial
USD/sqft/year
USD/sqft/year
Prime Industrial
USD/sqft/year
USD/sqft/year
Prime Industrial
USD/sqft/year
USD/sqft/year
Prime Industrial
USD/sqft/year
USD/sqft/year
Prime Industrial
USD/sqft/year
USD/sqft/year
Prime Industrial
USD/sqft/year
USD/sqft/year
Canada
Breaks
Breaks
Breaks
Breaks
Prime Office
USD/sqm/year
USD/sqm/year
Prime Office
USD/sqft/year
USD/sqft/year
Basis of Rent Review
Basis of Rent Review
Basis of Rent Review
Basis of Rent Review
Basis of Rent Review
Basis of Rent Review
Basis of Rent Review
Basis of Rent Review
Prime Industrial
USD/sqm/year
USD/sqm/year
Prime Industrial
USD/sqft/year
USD/sqft/year
Subleasing/Assignment
Subleasing/Assignment
Subleasing/Assignment
Subleasing/Assignment
Subleasing/Assignment
Subleasing/Assignment
Subleasing/Assignment
Subleasing/Assignment
Breaks
Ireland
Breaks
Breaks
Breaks
Breaks
Breaks
Breaks
Breaks
Breaks
Breaks
Breaks
Breaks
Breaks
Breaks
Breaks
Breaks
Breaks
Breaks
Breaks
Breaks
Breaks
Breaks
Breaks
Breaks
Breaks
Breaks
Breaks
Breaks
Breaks
Breaks
Breaks
Breaks
Breaks
Basis of Rent Review
Basis of Rent Review
Basis of Rent Review
Basis of Rent Review
Basis of Rent Review
Basis of Rent Review
Basis of Rent Review
Basis of Rent Review
Basis of Rent Review
Basis of Rent Review
Basis of Rent Review
Basis of Rent Review
Basis of Rent Review
Basis of Rent Review
Basis of Rent Review
Basis of Rent Review
Basis of Rent Review
Basis of Rent Review
Basis of Rent Review
Basis of Rent Review
Basis of Rent Review
Basis of Rent Review
Basis of Rent Review
Basis of Rent Review
Basis of Rent Review
Basis of Rent Review
Basis of Rent Review
Basis of Rent Review
Basis of Rent Review
Basis of Rent Review
Basis of Rent Review
Subleasing/Assignment
Subleasing/Assignment
Subleasing/Assignment
Subleasing/Assignment
Subleasing/Assignment
Subleasing/Assignment
Subleasing/Assignment
Subleasing/Assignment
Subleasing/Assignment
Subleasing/Assignment
Subleasing/Assignment
Subleasing/Assignment
Subleasing/Assignment
Subleasing/Assignment
Subleasing/Assignment
Subleasing/Assignment
Subleasing/Assignment
Subleasing/Assignment
Subleasing/Assignment
Subleasing/Assignment
Subleasing/Assignment
Subleasing/Assignment
Subleasing/Assignment
Subleasing/Assignment
Subleasing/Assignment
Subleasing/Assignment
Subleasing/Assignment
Subleasing/Assignment
Subleasing/Assignment
Subleasing/Assignment
Subleasing/Assignment
Subleasing/Assignment
Subleasing/Assignment
Subleasing/Assignment
Subleasing/Assignment
As agreed
As agreed
As agreed
As agreed
As agreed
Poland
As agreed
As agreed
As agreed
As agreed
As agreed
Malaysia
Breaks
Breaks
Germany
Breaks
Breaks
Breaks
Lawyer
Breaks
Basis of Rent Review
Basis of Rent Review
Basis of Rent Review
As agreed
1%
As agreed
As agreed
As agreed
0.5 – 1%
1 – 2%
As agreed
1%
As agreed
Notary – up to 0.825%
As agreed (+21% VAT)
0.4 – 0.6%
Notary fees: 0.2 – 0.5%
Notary fees: 0.2 – 0.5%
As agreed
As agreed
As agreed
1%
As agreed
0.5%
0.5 - 1%
0.5%
As agreed
As agreed
As agreed
As agreed
As agreed
As agreed
As agreed
As agreed
1 – 1.5%
As agreed
As agreed
As agreed
As agreed
As agreed
As agreed
As agreed
As agreed
As agreed
As agreed
As agreed
As agreed
As agreed
As agreed
As agreed
As agreed
As agreed
As agreed
As agreed
As agreed
As agreed
As agreed
As agreed
As agreed
As agreed
As agreed
As agreed
As agreed
As agreed
As agreed
As agreed
As agreed
As agreed
As agreed
As agreed
As agreed
As agreed
As agreed
As agreed
As agreed
As agreed
As agreed
As agreed
As agreed
As agreed
Basis of Rent Review
NYC: $764
LA: $510
Chicago: $405
Dallas: $353
Houston: $362
Washington DC: $493
LA: $510
Chicago: $405
Dallas: $353
Houston: $362
Washington DC: $493
Toronto: $617
Montreal: $422
Vancouver: $541
Ottawa: $401
Montreal: $422
Vancouver: $541
Ottawa: $401
€475
€276
€225
€320
€645
€180
€802
€288
€624
€925
Madrid:
€409
Barcelona:
€330
€409
Barcelona:
€330
Milan:
€610
Rome:
€470
€610
Rome:
€470
€285
€195
€288
Mexico City:
$326
Monterrey:
$207
$326
Monterrey:
$207
€204
Berlin:
€480
Frankfurt:
€552
Munich:
€504
€480
Frankfurt:
€552
Munich:
€504
€490
€491
Istanbul:
€242
€242
€288
€444
Zurich:
€802
Geneva:
€802
€802
Geneva:
€802
€281
€312
€44
€74
Milan:
€57
Rome:
€44
€57
Rome:
€44
€27
€30
Madrid:
€38
Barcelona:
€31
€38
Barcelona:
€31
€26
€27
€58
Mexico City:
$30
Monterrey:
$19
$30
Monterrey:
$19
€18
€26
Berlin:
€42
Frankfurt:
€50
Munich:
€44
€42
Frankfurt:
€50
Munich:
€44
Istanbul:
€22
€22
€60
€46
€86
Zurich:
€75
Geneva:
€80
€75
Geneva:
€80
€46
€41
€19
€21
€26
€17
€27
€29
NYC: $77
LA: $47
Chicago: $38
Dallas: $82
Houston: $86
Washington DC: $46
LA: $47
Chicago: $38
Dallas: $82
Houston: $86
Washington DC: $46
Toronto: $57
Montreal: $39
Vancouver: $50
Ottawa: $37
Montreal: $39
Vancouver: $50
Ottawa: $37
NYC: $171
LA: $156
Chicago: $88
Dallas: $82
Houston: $86
Washington DC: $146
LA: $156
Chicago: $88
Dallas: $82
Houston: $86
Washington DC: $146
Toronto: $118
Montreal: $99
Vancouver: $134
Ottawa: $122
Montreal: $99
Vancouver: $134
Ottawa: $122
Milan:
€57
Rome:
€57
€57
Rome:
€57
€54
€114
€48
€120
Istanbul:
€54
€54
€59
€66
€60
Zurich:
€231
Geneva:
€178
€231
Geneva:
€178
€59
€138
€114
€49
€85
€61
€54
Berlin:
€67
Frankfurt:
€78
Munich:
€92
€67
Frankfurt:
€78
Munich:
€92
Mexico City:
$68
Monterrey:
$51
$68
Monterrey:
$51
Madrid:
€66
Barcelona:
€81
€66
Barcelona:
€81
€49
€92
€87
€48
€65
€72
Czech Republic
€5
€5
€11
€11
Berlin:
€6
Frankfurt:
€7
Munich:
€9
€6
Frankfurt:
€7
Munich:
€9
€8
€13
€6
€5
€5
Madrid:
€6
Barcelona:
€8
€6
Barcelona:
€8
Milan:
€5
Rome:
€5
€5
Rome:
€5
Mexico City:
$6
Monterrey:
$5
$6
Monterrey:
$5
€6
€11
€5
Istanbul:
€5
€5
€4
Toronto: $11
Montreal: $9
Vancouver: $12
Ottawa: $11
Montreal: $9
Vancouver: $12
Ottawa: $11
€9
€6
Zurich:
€21
Geneva:
€17
€21
Geneva:
€17
€6
€5
€4
€8
€7
NYC: $16
LA: $15
Chicago: $8
Dallas: $8
Houston: $8
Washington DC: $14
LA: $15
Chicago: $8
Dallas: $8
Houston: $8
Washington DC: $14
West End: €1,486
City: €905
Birmingham: €485
Cambridge: €627
Oxford: €497
City: €905
Birmingham: €485
Cambridge: €627
Oxford: €497
West End: €138
City: €84
Birmingham: €45
Cambridge: €58
Oxford: €446
City: €84
Birmingham: €45
Cambridge: €58
Oxford: €446
West End: €452
City: €226
Birmingham: €110
Cambridge: €213
Oxford: €181
City: €226
Birmingham: €110
Cambridge: €213
Oxford: €181
West End: €42
City: €21
Birmingham: €10
Cambridge: €20
Oxford: €17
City: €21
Birmingham: €10
Cambridge: €20
Oxford: €17
Negotiable
Negotiable
Negotiable
Negotiable
CPI or Fixed 4 - 5%
2 - 3% after 2nd year
OMR
OMR
None
OMR
None
None
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
None
Singapore
Typically every 3 years
Negotiable
Negotiable
Negotiable
Negotiable
No
After 2 years
No
No
Negotiable
Negotiable
No
Negotiable
No
Negotiable
Yes
Negotiable
Every 3 years
Negotiable
Yes
Negotiable
Negotiable
No
Negotiable
Negotiable
No (Class A)
Every 3 years
Negotiable
Negotiable
Negotiable
No
Negotiable
Market
OMR - Upward or Downward
CPI
Market
OMR
HI
75% – 100% of Inflation
CPI
CPI or EI
CPI – often with a
minimum of 2.5%
minimum of 2.5%
CPI + 1 – 2%
EI – but fixed sometimes
EI
CPI
5%
CPI
Mexican Inflation (INPC)
75% of increase in CLI
CPI
CPI
CPI
CPI
EI
CPI
CPI
CCI or ILAT consumer index
CPI
CPI
EI – but fixed sometimes
CPI or Fixed 4 - 5%
OMR
Yes
Yes
Yes
No (unless agreed)
Yes
Yes
Negotiable
Yes
Yes
No (unless LL approval)
Negotiable
No (yes for intragroup)
Yes
Negotiable
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes (with LL consent)
Yes
As agreed
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Negotiable
No (unless LL approval)
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Belgium
Negotiable
Negotiable
New Delhi: $510
Mumbai: $409
Bengaluru: $248
Mumbai: $409
Bengaluru: $248
New Delhi: $47
Mumbai: $38
Bengaluru: $23
Mumbai: $38
Bengaluru: $23
New Delhi $32
Mumbai: $87
Bengaluru: $61
Mumbai: $87
Bengaluru: $61
Slovakia
New Delhi $3
Mumbai: $8
Bengaluru: $6
Mumbai: $8
Bengaluru: $6
Negotiable
Negotiable
Negotiable
Canberra: $26
Sydney: $779
Melbourne: $457
Sydney: $779
Melbourne: $457
Beijing: $797
Shanghai: $546
Guangzhou: $337
Shenzhen: $398
Shanghai: $546
Guangzhou: $337
Shenzhen: $398
Canberra: $231
Sydney: $72
Melbourne: $42
Sydney: $72
Melbourne: $42
Beijing: $74
Shanghai: $51
Guangzhou: $31
Shenzhen: $37
Shanghai: $51
Guangzhou: $31
Shenzhen: $37
Sydney: $112
Melbourne: $68
Melbourne: $68
Beijing: $106
Shanghai: $94
Guangzhou: $70
Shenzhen: $90
Shanghai: $94
Guangzhou: $70
Shenzhen: $90
As agreed
Sydney: $10
Melbourne: $6
Melbourne: $6
Beijing: $10
Shanghai: $9
Guangzhou: $7
Shenzhen: $8
Shanghai: $9
Guangzhou: $7
Shenzhen: $8
Negotiable
OMR
OMR
OMR
OMR
Thai Baht
'THB'
'THB'
New Zealand Dollar
'NZD'
'NZD'
Singapore Dollar
'SGD'
'SGD'
Philippine Peso
'PHP'
'PHP'
South Korean Won
'KRW'
'KRW'
Taiwan Dollar
'TWD'
'TWD'
Vietnamese Dong
'VND'
'VND'
Indonesian Rupiah
'IDR'
'IDR'
Hong Kong Dollar
'HKD'
'HKD'
Japanese Yen
'JPY'
'JPY'
Indian Rupee
'INR'
'INR'
Malaysian Ringit
'MYR'
'MYR'
Hungarian Forint
'HUF'
'HUF'
Danish Krone
'DKK'
'DKK'
Euro 'EUR'
Mexican Peso 'MXN'
Euro 'EUR'
Euro 'EUR'
US Dollar 'USD'
Euro 'EUR'
Euro 'EUR'
Canadian Dollar
British Pound
'GBP'
'GBP'
Australian Dollar
'AUD'
'AUD'
Polish Zloty
'PLN'
'PLN'
Bulgarian Lev
'BGL'
'BGL'
Turkish Lira
'YTL'
'YTL'
Russian Ruble 'RUB'
Euro 'EUR'
Euro 'EUR'
Swiss Franc
'CHF'
'CHF'
Euro 'EUR'
Norwegian Krone
'NOK'
'NOK'
Romanian Leu
'RON'
'RON'
Swedish Krona
'SEK'
'SEK'
Euro 'EUR'
Czech Koruna
'CZK'
'CZK'
Euro 'EUR'
Euro 'EUR'
Euro 'EUR'
Euro 'EUR'
Euro 'EUR'
Chinese Renmibi
'RMB'
'RMB'
5,436,066
9,728,337
1,397,897,720
639,589
110,818,325
142,320,790
10,702,596
11,778,842
4,991,442
5,587,442
21,230,362
130,207,371
2,711,566
10,569,703
334,998,398
5,866,139
7,263,234
66,052,076
10,263,850
275,122,131
33,519,406
82,482,383
62,390,364
25,809,973
38,185,913
6,919,180
8,453,550
79,903,481
5,894,687
23,572,052
10,261,767
5,509,591
5,224,884
69,480,520
47,260,584
8,884,864
51,715,162
17,337,403
68,084,217
124,687,293
1,339,330,514
102,789,598
37,943,231
0.04%
-0.29%
0.26%
-0.2%
1.7%
-0.37%
0.04%
1.04%
-0.38%
0.59%
1.04%
0.26%
-1.04%
0.70%
-0.34%
-0.23%
0.48%
0.77%
0.26%
0.20%
1.49%
1.28%
0.7%
0.09%
-0.23%
1.31%
0.65%
-0.67%
-0.21%
0.81%
0.74%
0.8%
0.44%
0.97%
-0.03%
0.26%
1.06%
0.37%
0.32%
-0.08%
0.33%
0.95%
1.00%
$8,000
$38,300
$48,200
$17,900
$28,800
$47,300
$60,200
$36,700
$27,300
$42,400
$32,200
$45,900
$46,659
$56,200
$42,300
$48,700
$28,400
$39,000
$32,200
$11,400
$26,400
$68,628
$50,900
$22,400
$55,900
$50,700
$63,600
$89,700
$93,400
$40,903
$17,300
$24,502
$54,200
$30,300
$51,900
$42,000
$31,000
$6,100
$26,500
$110,300
$16,400
$41,400
$8,200
124
15
115
25
35
59
33
11
11
3
11
104
1
86
52
45
11
3
102
9
69
7
3
57
20
1
32
3
8
33
15
60
23
69
9
129
28
86
78
19
69
49
104
Brussels
Athens
Lisbon
Helsinki
Hong Kong
Seoul
Ankara
Rome
Wellington
Warsaw
Bern
Canberra
Jakarta
Berlin
Kuala Lumpur
Stockholm
Oslo
Sofia
Dublin
Madrid
Copenhagen
Manila
Singapore
Amsterdam
Bratislava
Taipei
Paris
Budapest
Moscow
Vienna
Luxembourg
Beijing
Tokyo
Bucharest
New Delhi
Mexico City
Prague
Washington DC
Bangkok
Vilnius
London
Hanoi
Ottawa
France
Luxembourg
Hungary
Stamp Duty
Stamp Duty
Romania
$911
Stamp Duty
Stamp Duty
Stamp Duty
Stamp Duty
Stamp Duty
$85
$210
Stamp Duty
Stamp Duty
Stamp Duty
Stamp Duty
Stamp Duty
$20
$339
$396
$264
$381
Wellington: $386
Auckland: $334
Auckland: $334
$1,152
Hanoi: $291
Ho Chi Minh City: $427
Ho Chi Minh City: $427
$1,131
$210
$232
$25
$37
$22
$105
$35
$32
$107
$19
Wellington: $36
Auckland: $31
Auckland: $31
Hanoi: $27
Ho Chi Minh City: $40
Ho Chi Minh City: $40
$197
$77
Wellington: $93
Auckland: $101
Auckland: $101
$154
$59
$137
Hanoi: $144
Ho Chi Minh City: $186
Ho Chi Minh City: $186
$142
$61
$124
$13
Wellington: $9
Auckland: $9
Auckland: $9
$14
$11
$18
$7
$6
$13
$5
Hanoi: $13
Ho Chi Minh City: $17
Ho Chi Minh City: $17
Indonesia
Rent Payment (in advance)
Rent Payment (in advance)
Rent Payment (in advance)
Rent Payment (in advance)
Rent Payment (in advance)
Rent Payment (in advance)
Rent Payment (in advance)
Rent Payment (in advance)
Rent Payment (in advance)
Rent Payment (in advance)
Rent Payment (in advance)
Rent Payment (in advance)
Rent Payment (in advance)
Rent Payment (in advance)
Rent Payment (in advance)
Rent Payment (in advance)
Rent Payment (in advance)
Rent Payment (in advance)
Rent Payment (in advance)
Rent Payment (in advance)
Rent Payment (in advance)
Rent Payment (in advance)
Rent Payment (in advance)
Rent Payment (in advance)
Rent Payment (in advance)
Rent Payment (in advance)
Rent Payment (in advance)
Rent Payment (in advance)
Rent Payment (in advance)
Rent Payment (in advance)
Rent Payment (in advance)
Rent Payment (in advance)
Rent Payment (in advance)
Rent Payment (in advance)
Rent Payment (in advance)
Rent Payment (in advance)
Rent Payment (in advance)
Rent Payment (in advance)
Rent Payment (in advance)
Rent Payment (in advance)
Rent Payment (in advance)
Rent Payment (in advance)
Rent Payment (in advance)
Frequency of Review
Frequency of Review
Frequency of Review
Frequency of Review
Frequency of Review
Frequency of Review
Frequency of Review
Frequency of Review
Frequency of Review
Frequency of Review
Frequency of Review
Frequency of Review
Frequency of Review
Frequency of Review
Frequency of Review
Frequency of Review
Frequency of Review
Frequency of Review
Frequency of Review
Frequency of Review
Frequency of Review
Frequency of Review
Frequency of Review
Frequency of Review
Frequency of Review
Frequency of Review
Frequency of Review
Frequency of Review
Frequency of Review
Frequency of Review
Frequency of Review
Frequency of Review
Frequency of Review
Frequency of Review
Frequency of Review
Frequency of Review
Frequency of Review
Frequency of Review
Frequency of Review
Frequency of Review
Frequency of Review
Frequency of Review
Frequency of Review
Restoration
Restoration
Restoration
Restoration
Restoration
Restoration
Restoration
Restoration
Restoration
Restoration
Restoration
Restoration
Restoration
Restoration
Restoration
Restoration
Restoration
Restoration
Restoration
Restoration
Restoration
Restoration
Restoration
Restoration
Restoration
Restoration
Restoration
Restoration
Restoration
Restoration
Restoration
Restoration
Restoration
Restoration
Restoration
Restoration
Restoration
Restoration
Restoration
Restoration
Restoration
Restoration
Restoration
Stamp Duty
Stamp Duty
Stamp Duty
Stamp Duty
Stamp Duty
Stamp Duty
Stamp Duty
Stamp Duty
Stamp Duty
Stamp Duty
Stamp Duty
Stamp Duty
Stamp Duty
Stamp Duty
Stamp Duty
Stamp Duty
Stamp Duty
Stamp Duty
Stamp Duty
Stamp Duty
Stamp Duty
Stamp Duty
Stamp Duty
Stamp Duty
Stamp Duty
Stamp Duty
Stamp Duty
Stamp Duty
Stamp Duty
Stamp Duty
Stamp Duty
Stamp Duty
Stamp Duty
Stamp Duty
Stamp Duty
Stamp Duty
Stamp Duty
Stamp Duty
Stamp Duty
Stamp Duty
Stamp Duty
Stamp Duty
Stamp Duty
Stamp Duty
Stamp Duty
Stamp Duty
Stamp Duty
Stamp Duty
Stamp Duty
Stamp Duty
Stamp Duty
Stamp Duty
Stamp Duty
Stamp Duty
Stamp Duty
Stamp Duty
Stamp Duty
Stamp Duty
Stamp Duty
Stamp Duty
Stamp Duty
Stamp Duty
Stamp Duty
Stamp Duty
Stamp Duty
Stamp Duty
Stamp Duty
Stamp Duty
Stamp Duty
Stamp Duty
Stamp Duty
Stamp Duty
Stamp Duty
Stamp Duty
4% on price up to €3.33M, 2% on anything above. Shall not exceed €665k
Berlin: 6%. Frankfurt (Hesse): 5%
Munich (Bavaria): 3.5%.
Hamburg: 4.5%
Munich (Bavaria): 3.5%.
Hamburg: 4.5%
Bulgaria
USA
6% Deed Tax and
0.1% Stamp
0.1% Stamp
1% on 180k, 2% on next 180k,
then 3% thereafter
then 3% thereafter
2% Assessed Value +
3.3% Bus. Tax
3.3% Bus. Tax
2.4% Reg Tax &
2.2% Acq. Tax
2.2% Acq. Tax
1% Reg Fee
None
None
0.4% <1 years
0.8% 1 - 3 years
1.6% > 3 years
0.8% 1 - 3 years
1.6% > 3 years
0.1% + 1% Registration fee
None
Italy
Spain
Portugal
Monthly or Quarterly
Monthly
Quarterly
Monthly
Monthly
Monthly
Monthly or Quarterly
Monthly
Quarterly
Quarterly
Monthly
Quarterly
Quarterly
Quarterly
Monthly
Monthly
Monthly
Quarterly
Quarterly, but negotiable
Monthly
Monthly or Quarterly
Quarterly
Quarterly but Monthly also now common
Monthly
Monthly or Quarterly
Monthly or Quarterly
Monthly or Quarterly
Monthly
Monthly
Monthly
Monthly
Monthly
Monthly
Quarterly
Monthly
Quarterly but Monthly
also now common
also now common
Quarterly
Monthly
Monthly
Monthly
Quarterly
Monthly
Quarterly
Annual
Annual
Annual
Annual
Annual
Annual
Annual
Annual
Annual
Annual
Annual
Annual
Annual
Annual
Annual
Annual
Annual or prior to
lease expiration
lease expiration
Every 5 years
Upon renewal
Annual
Annual
Every 5 years
Annual
Annual
Annual
Annual
Varies
Annual
Annual
Annual
Annually
Every 2 years
2 - 3 years
Every 3 years
None except via rent
review clause
review clause
None
None
Annual or every 3 years depending on lease
Annually
Depends on type and
term of lease
term of lease
None
None
2 - 3 years
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Negotiable
Yes
Yes
Negotiable
Yes
Yes
Negotiable
Yes
Yes
Negotiable
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Negotiable
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Varies based on Rent
N/A
1.6 – 4%
2%
N/A
4% Acq. Tax + 2% Reg.
& Licence Tax
& Licence Tax
0.03 - 1%
10 – 12.5%
0.5 – 1.5%
NZD 100 Reg Fee
Varies
6.5%
€200 + 0.6%
3%
5.09%
7%
2%
5% of Total transaction value
4%
2.5%
3%
Varies
0 - 3.75%
6%
Varies
2% transfer tax
4% over £500,000
0.1 - 1.28%
4%
Luxembourg City – 10%,
Other 7%
Other 7%
Varies per municipality
4%
3 - 15%
0 – 3.3% (varies by canton)
3.5% plus 1.1% Registry
1.5%
N/A
N/A
0.03 - 2%
N/A
N/A
None
N/A
N/A
Varies
Varies based on Rent
None
N/A
N/A
Minimal
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
None
1 - 10%
N/A
N/A
1%
1% + HKD 5
N/A
None
N/A
N/A
None
1% of NPV if >£150,000
N/A
None
0.98%
Registration on cost of tenants (0.2% on rent + charges for time committed)
6,000 Rupiah
Varies based on Rent
Turkey
Greece
Switzerland
Australia
* Building insurance and property taxes paid by landlord but recovered from tenant
* Building insurance and property taxes paid by landlord but recovered from tenant
* Insurance paid by LL and recovered from tenant
Austria
Mexico
New Zealand
WORLD MAP
Key
Key
Key
Exchange Rate
Exchange Rate
Exchange Rate
CCI Cost of Construction Index
CLI Cost of Living Index
CPR Corruption Perception Ranking, (least corrupt=1)
CPI Consumer Price Index
OMR Open Market Review
CLI Cost of Living Index
CPR Corruption Perception Ranking, (least corrupt=1)
CPI Consumer Price Index
OMR Open Market Review
CCI Cost of Construction Index
CLI Cost of Living Index
CPR Corruption Perception Ranking, (least corrupt=1)
CPI Consumer Price Index
OMR Open Market Review
CLI Cost of Living Index
CPR Corruption Perception Ranking, (least corrupt=1)
CPI Consumer Price Index
OMR Open Market Review
CCI Cost of Construction Index
CLI Cost of Living Index
CPR Corruption Perception Ranking, (least corrupt=1)
CPI Consumer Price Index
OMR Open Market Review
CLI Cost of Living Index
CPR Corruption Perception Ranking, (least corrupt=1)
CPI Consumer Price Index
OMR Open Market Review
Rates as at February 2022
Exchange Rate 1 EUR to local currency
British Pound 'GBP' 0.833020
Bulgarian Lev 'BGL' 1.955830
Czech Koruna 'CZK' 24.336900
Exchange Rate 1 EUR to local currency
British Pound 'GBP' 0.833020
Bulgarian Lev 'BGL' 1.955830
Czech Koruna 'CZK' 24.336900
Rates as at February 2022
Exchange Rate 1 USD to local currency
Chinese Yuan Renmibi 'CNY' 6.33132
Hong Kong Dollar 'HKD' 7.80066
Indian Rupee 'INR' 74.4692
Exchange Rate 1 USD to local currency
Chinese Yuan Renmibi 'CNY' 6.33132
Hong Kong Dollar 'HKD' 7.80066
Indian Rupee 'INR' 74.4692
Danish Krone 'DKK' 7.438340
Hungarian Forint 'HUF' 356.412000
Norwegian Krone 'NOK' 10.174200
Polish Zloty 'PLN' 4.525490
Romanian Leu 'RON' 4.941180
Hungarian Forint 'HUF' 356.412000
Norwegian Krone 'NOK' 10.174200
Polish Zloty 'PLN' 4.525490
Romanian Leu 'RON' 4.941180
Indonesian Rupiah 'IDR' 14335.8
Japanese Yen 'JPY' 114.86
Korean Won 'KRW' 1192.6
Malaysian Ringgit 'MYR' 4.17906
New Zealand Dollar 'NZD' 1.48935
Japanese Yen 'JPY' 114.86
Korean Won 'KRW' 1192.6
Malaysian Ringgit 'MYR' 4.17906
New Zealand Dollar 'NZD' 1.48935
Russian Ruble 'RUB' 88.777300
Swedish Krona 'SEK' 10.640000
Swiss Franc 'CHF' 1.040790
Turkish Lira 'TRY' 15.463300
Swedish Krona 'SEK' 10.640000
Swiss Franc 'CHF' 1.040790
Turkish Lira 'TRY' 15.463300
Mexican Peso 'MXN' 20.2863
Philippine Peso 'PHP' 51.3616
Singapore Dollar 'SGD' 1.34552
Taiwan Dollar 'TWD' 27.8283
Thai Baht 'THB' 32.1592
Philippine Peso 'PHP' 51.3616
Singapore Dollar 'SGD' 1.34552
Taiwan Dollar 'TWD' 27.8283
Thai Baht 'THB' 32.1592
Rates as at February 2022
Exchange Rate 1 USD to local currency
Canadian Dollar 'CAD' 1.27414
Mexican Peso 'MXN' 20.2863
Exchange Rate 1 USD to local currency
Canadian Dollar 'CAD' 1.27414
Mexican Peso 'MXN' 20.2863
Sources
Sources
Sources
Central Intelligence Agency www.cia.gov
Exchange Rates www.oanda.com
CPR www.transparency.org
Exchange Rates www.oanda.com
CPR www.transparency.org
Central Intelligence Agency www.cia.gov
Exchange Rates www.oanda.com
CPR www.transparency.org
Exchange Rates www.oanda.com
CPR www.transparency.org
Central Intelligence Agency www.cia.gov
Exchange Rates www.oanda.com
CPR www.transparency.org
Exchange Rates www.oanda.com
CPR www.transparency.org
Note: measuring practises in the EU may change in line with the EN 15221-6 space and area measurement standard
* Building insurance and property taxes paid by landlord but recovered from tenant
* Building insurance and property taxes paid by landlord but recovered from tenant
* Building insurance and property taxes paid by landlord but recovered from tenant
* Building insurance and property taxes paid by landlord but recovered from tenant
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/ Transaction management
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/ Property portfolio audits
/ Due diligence
/ Negotiation and execution
/ Financial analysis
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