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The Republican Party, formed just six years earlier, met in a temporary structure called the "Wigwam,” located on Wolf Point by the Chicago River, a site where Chicago’s first hotel, the Sauganash, burned down a few years earlier. William Henry Seward from New York was the front-runner for the nomination heading into the convention and won the first of several rounds of voting. But the momentum turned against Seward, and the nomination — and eventually the presidency — went to downstate politician Abraham Lincoln.
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When it comes to political conventions,
Chicago has star status
1860 Republican National Convention
abraham lincoln
When Chicago hosts the Democratic National Convention this summer, it will mark the first time since 1996 that the city has hosted a political convention, and just the third time since 1968.
But before that? For more than a century, Chicago was the premier destination for national political conventions. From 1860 to 1968, Chicago hosted 25 major party conventions over the course of 29 election cycles, more than any other city — 14 Republican conventions, 10 for the Democrats and one for the Progressive Party when it nominated former President Theodore Roosevelt in 1912.
Those conventions played a crucial role in forming Chicago’s reputation as a convention city. Here’s a look at a few of the most noteworthy.
For more than a century, Chicago was the premier destination for national political conventions.
By Steve Hendershot
There was so much excitement about the Auditorium Building on Michigan Avenue, designed by Dankmar Adler and Louis Sullivan with help from Frank Lloyd Wright, that the Republicans held their convention there even though the building wasn’t finished. Two key technological innovations helped with the decision: The building featured air conditioning as well as electric lights that enabled evening sessions. The Republicans nominated Benjamin Harrison, who went on to win the White House.
1888 Republican National Convention
Benjamin Harrison
Teddy Roosevelt became president in 1901 after the assassination of William McKinley, so this convention marked the first time he earned the party’s presidential nomination. The convention venue was a historical oddity, built from the remains of a Confederate stockade that was transported from Virginia to Chicago after the Civil War and reconstructed as a museum. When the museum folded, the bricks were reused as part of the convention venue, the third local venue to be called the Coliseum.
In 1912, former President Theodore Roosevelt returned to Chicago to seek the nomination of the Progressive Party, which became known as the Bull Moose Party after Roosevelt announced he was “strong as a bull moose.”
1904 Republican National Convention
Theodore Roosevelt
In the first presidential election since the U.S. plunged into the Great Depression, both the Democrats and Republicans held their conventions at the Chicago Stadium, a newly constructed arena adjacent to the spot where the United Center now stands. The Democratic nominee, Franklin D. Roosevelt, went on to win the presidency and serve four terms, three of which included nominations in Chicago.
1932 Democratic National Convention
Franklin D. Roosevelt
The Democrats selected Chicago to host their convention in 1968, in part because under then-Mayor Richard J. Daley, the city had “avoided the urban uprisings and strikes that had plagued other U.S. cities, according to Heather Hendershot, a Northwestern University professor who wrote a book about media coverage of the 1968 convention (and no relation to this story’s author). But instead of delivering a steadying convention amid a tumultuous year, Chicago devolved into chaos as police fought with protesters in view of a national audience, an electrical workers' strike hindered media coverage, and journalists including Mike Wallace and Dan Rather were injured in clashes with law enforcement.
The 1968 DNC stands alone among U.S. political conventions as a worst-case scenario. “It was a hit to the city, and to its reputation as a convention town,” says Hendershot. After a century as the country’s leading city for political conventions, Chicago took a nearly three-decade hiatus from hosting after the event — even as Richard Nixon, the Republican nominee and eventual winner of the 1968 presidential election, visited Chicago for a parade the week after the Democratic National Convention.
1968 Democratic National Convention
Hubert Humphrey
Democratic nominee William Jennings Bryan didn’t win the presidency, but he did deliver one of the most important speeches in U.S. political history at the convention hosted at the Chicago Coliseum (the second of three buildings called the Coliseum, this one located in Woodlawn). Bryan’s “Cross of Gold” speech denounced the gold standard for currency.
1896 Democratic National Convention
William Jennings Bryan
There wasn’t much drama inside the newly constructed United Center, where the Democrats renominated President Bill Clinton ahead of his second term. Instead, the convention gave Chicago and Mayor Richard M. Daley an opportunity to erase the stain of 1968 and put its revitalization on display — an effort that began two years prior, when the city hosted the World Cup. It worked, as a post-convention Crain’s headline proclaimed: “City, Daley Score a Convention Landslide.”
1996 Democratic National Convention
Bill Clinton
August 19–22, 2024
2024 Democratic National Convention
Kamala Harris, presumptive nominee
Source: Much of the historical detail comes from "Inside the Wigwam: Chicago Presidential Conventions 1860-1996," a 1996 book co-authored by DePaul University faculty member Craig Sautter and then-Ald. Edward Burke. Photos are from the Library of Congress, Getty Images and Bloomberg.
Published: March 25, 2024
Vice President Kamala Harris
Hubert Humphrey, above, and Richard J. Daley, at right, waving
Franklin D. Roosevelt speaks at the 1932 Democratic National Convention
An illustration of Theodore Roosevelt inside the convention hall.
William Jennings Bryan
Benjamin Harrison
Abraham Lincoln
Benjamin Harrison, above. At right, this print depicts the Republican Party's first successful presidential candidate, Abraham Lincoln, as well current candidate, Benjamin Harrison.
There was so much excitement about the Auditorium Building on Michigan Avenue, designed by Dankmar Adler and Louis Sullivan with help from Frank Lloyd Wright, that the Republicans held their convention there even though the building wasn’t finished. Two key technological innovations helped with the decision: The building featured air conditioning as well as electric lights that enabled evening sessions. The Republicans nominated Benjamin Harrison, who went on to win the White House.
1888 Republican National Convention
Benjamin Harrison
Democratic nominee William Jennings Bryan didn’t win the presidency, but he did deliver one of the most important speeches in U.S. political history at the convention hosted at the Chicago Coliseum (the second of three buildings called the Coliseum, this one located in Woodlawn). Bryan’s “Cross of Gold” speech denounced the gold standard for currency.
1896 Democratic National Convention
William Jennings Bryan
William Jennings Bryan
Teddy Roosevelt became president in 1901 after the assassination of William McKinley, so this convention marked the first time he earned the party’s presidential nomination. The convention venue was a historical oddity, built from the remains of a Confederate stockade that was transported from Virginia to Chicago after the Civil War and reconstructed as a museum. When the museum folded, the bricks were reused as part of the convention venue, the third local venue to be called the Coliseum.
In 1912, former President Theodore Roosevelt returned to Chicago to seek the nomination of the Progressive Party, which became known as the Bull Moose Party after Roosevelt announced he was “strong as a bull moose.”
1904 Republican National Convention
Theodore Roosevelt
An illustration of Theodore Roosevelt inside the convention hall.
Franklin D. Roosevelt speaks at the 1932 Democratic National Convention
In the first presidential election since the U.S. plunged into the Great Depression, both the Democrats and Republicans held their conventions at the Chicago Stadium, a newly constructed arena adjacent to the spot where the United Center now stands. The Democratic nominee, Franklin D. Roosevelt, went on to win the presidency and serve four terms, three of which included nominations in Chicago.
1932 Democratic National Convention
Franklin D. Roosevelt
The Democrats selected Chicago to host their convention in 1968, in part because under then-Mayor Richard J. Daley, the city had “avoided the urban uprisings and strikes that had plagued other U.S. cities, according to Heather Hendershot, a Northwestern University professor who wrote a book about media coverage of the 1968 convention (and no relation to this story’s author). But instead of delivering a steadying convention amid a tumultuous year, Chicago devolved into chaos as police fought with protesters in view of a national audience, an electrical workers' strike hindered media coverage, and journalists including Mike Wallace and Dan Rather were injured in clashes with law enforcement.
The 1968 DNC stands alone among U.S. political conventions as a worst-case scenario. “It was a hit to the city, and to its reputation as a convention town,” says Hendershot. After a century as the country’s leading city for political conventions, Chicago took a nearly three-decade hiatus from hosting after the event — even as Richard Nixon, the Republican nominee and eventual winner of the 1968 presidential election, visited Chicago for a parade the week after the Democratic National Convention.
1968 Democratic National Convention
Hubert Humphrey
Hubert Humphrey, above, and Richard J. Daley, at right, waving
President Bill Clinton, Hillary Rodham Clinton and Vice President Al Gore join other Democrats onstage at the convention.
There wasn’t much drama inside the newly constructed United Center, where the Democrats renominated President Bill Clinton ahead of his second term. Instead, the convention gave Chicago and Mayor Richard M. Daley an opportunity to erase the stain of 1968 and put its revitalization on display — an effort that began two years prior, when the city hosted the World Cup. It worked, as a post-convention Crain’s headline proclaimed: “City, Daley Score a Convention Landslide.”
1996 Democratic National Convention
Bill Clinton
President Bill Clinton, Hillary Rodham Clinton and Vice President Al Gore join other Democrats onstage at the convention.
Inside the 1896 Democratic National Convention
This print depicts the Republican Party's first successful presidential candidate, Abraham Lincoln, as well current candidate, Benjamin Harrison.
An illustration of the 1860 Republican National Convention that ran in an 1860 issue of Harper's Weekly.