Manpower
The pandemic has exacerbated the shortage of HGV drivers in both the UK and a number of other countries across Europe
Congestion
Congestion has increased in ports as well as on the roads. Across Europe, a number of ports have suffered a lack of capacity compared to the demand for space in the ports. Brexit has also caused problems around the moving of imported and exported goods in the UK and Europe
Growth of the shipping container fleet
Low freight rates over the last few years have resulted in a lack of investment in the shipping container fleet, leading to less tonnage available. Investment in container ships has increased, but this takes time to filter through to the supply chain and then to increase shipping capacity