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Pseudobulbar affect is a condition that may impact people with brain disorders, such as stroke, brain injury, and Alzheimer’s disease. Symptoms of pseudobulbar affect include uncontrollable episodes of emotional expressions involving laughing, crying, or anger. Pesudubulbar affect can have adverse effects on a person’s relationships, work, and social life.
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b
a
What are the most common symptoms of pseudobulbar affect?
D
C
Both A and B
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Involuntary episodes of laughing and crying
Migraine headaches
Fainting
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Incorrect
Correct Answer: A. Involuntary episodes of laughing and crying Pseudobulbar affect causes involuntary episodes of laughing, crying, or a mixture of both. Some people may also experience anger or aggressive behavior.
correct
Pseudobulbar affect causes involuntary episodes of laughing, crying, or a mixture of both. Some people may also experience anger or aggressive behavior.
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All of the above
Making you withdraw from social situations
Causing feelings of isolation
Increasing stress
What are common ways pseudobulbar affect may alter day-to-day life?
Correct Answer: D. All of the above People living with pseudobulbar affect lose control over their emotional expressions. These involuntary crying or laughing episodes can happen with or without an emotional trigger, causing a wide range of feelings in your daily routine.
People living with pseudobulbar affect lose control over their emotional expressions. These involuntary crying or laughing episodes can happen with or without an emotional trigger, causing a wide range of feelings in your daily routine.
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Pseudobulbar affect is categorized as follows:
A physical disability
A mental illness
A neurological impairment
Correct Answer: A. A neurological impairment Pseudobulbar affect is classified as a neurological impairment, not a mental illness. According to the American Stroke Association (ASA), pseudobulbar affect occurs when there is a disconnect between the frontal lobe, brain stem, and cerebellum.
Pseudobulbar affect is classified as a neurological impairment, not a mental illness. According to the American Stroke Association (ASA), pseudobulbar affect occurs when there is a disconnect between the frontal lobe, brain stem, and cerebellum.
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An MRI
The Lability Scale (CNS-LS) or the Pathological Laughing and Crying Scale (PLACS)
A neurological evaluation
What tools help diagnose pseudobulbar affect?
Correct Answer: C. Both A and B For a complete diagnosis of pseudobulbar affect, your doctor will perform a neurological evaluation and consider results from the CNS-LS, PLACS, or both. Pseudobulbar affect is associated with various neurological conditions, such as brain injury, Alzheimer’s disease, and stroke. Your doctor may also recommend additional tests if there are underlying causes.
For a complete diagnosis of pseudobulbar affect, your doctor will perform a neurological evaluation and consider results from the CNS-LS, PLACS, or both. Pseudobulbar affect is associated with various neurological conditions, such as brain injury, Alzheimer’s disease, and stroke. Your doctor may also recommend additional tests if there are underlying causes.
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None of the above
To help people avoid laughing or crying.
To help people feel happy and confident about their social interactions.
What are the two main goals of treating pseudobulbar affect?
To help people reduce the frequency and severity of their emotional outbursts.
Correct Answer: C. To help people reduce the frequency and severity of their expressive outbursts There is no cure for pseudobulbar affect. However, treatment can help people manage symptoms and improve their quality of life.
There is no cure for pseudobulbar affect. However, treatment can help people manage symptoms and improve their quality of life.
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What medications are used to treat pseudobulbar affect?
Over-the-counter medications and supplements
Selective serotonin reductase inhibitors (SSRIs) and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)
Dextromethorphan hydrobromide and quinidine sulfate
Correct Answer: D. Both A and C Your doctor can prescribe medications, such as SSRIs and TCAs, that may help prevent or reduce the severity of pseudobulbar affect episodes. Also, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved dextromethorphan hydrobromide and quinidine sulfate to treat pseudobulbar affect.
Your doctor can prescribe medications, such as SSRIs and TCAs, that may help prevent or reduce the severity of pseudobulbar affect episodes. Also, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved dextromethorphan hydrobromide and quinidine sulfate to treat pseudobulbar affect.
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Physical interruptions
Distraction skills
Behavioral therapy tools for pseudobulbar affect can include:
Relaxation practices
Correct Answer: D. All of the above Behavioral therapy can help people with pseudobulbar affect — and their caregivers — feel more prepared to manage episodes.
Behavioral therapy can help people with pseudobulbar affect — and their caregivers — feel more prepared to manage episodes.
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A neurologist
An endocrinologist
A psychologist
Which doctor specializes in pseudobulbar affect treatment?
A primary care physician
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Correct Answer: D. A neurologist People with symptoms of pseudobulbar affect can work with a neurologist to receive a diagnosis, understand symptoms, and find the right treatment.
People with symptoms of pseudobulbar affect can work with a neurologist to receive a diagnosis, understand symptoms, and find the right treatment.
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