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Test Interpreter: Understanding blood test results for metastatic breast cancer
Introduction
Tumor marker tests
Blood chemistry tests
Biomarker tests
If the cancer is not responding to treatment, biomarker tests may help determine whether a different type of therapy may be more effective.
These tests collect tumor DNA from the blood. The DNA can undergo analysis for genetic changes linked to treatment resistance or drug sensitivity.
These tests can help oncologists determine how well treatment is working or
if other organs are being affected by cancer.
If cancer has spread to other organs, the chemistry of the blood may change. High calcium levels may indicate bone metastases. Elevated liver proteins may suggest liver involvement.
Results can also help determine if organ health is affected by cancer treatment. They can also help establish whether a change in treatment dosage is needed.
These tests measure levels of proteins released by breast cancer cells.
Tumor markers are typically present at low levels in the blood. They may become elevated if the cancer begins
to spread.
However, low levels may
remain low for some people
with metastatic breast cancer. For others, levels may be high
to start with. Monitoring over time is generally necessary
to understand the results
of these tests.
Breast cancer tumor
markers include:
cancer antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3)
CA 27-29
carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)
Understanding blood test results for metastatic breast cancer
Doctors often order blood tests to monitor metastatic breast cancer. Results from these tests can provide oncology care teams with important information, such as how the tumor is responding to treatment, whether it is continuing to spread, and whether a new treatment approach or additional care may be necessary.
Doctors do not use these tests to diagnose metastatic breast cancer, but they can provide valuable information about a person’s overall health and their response to treatment. Results can also monitor for medication toxicities or adverse reactions, such as the need for dose reduction.
Different tests may occur at various points over the course of treatment. Some may be regular, whereas others may be less frequent.
