According to the American Cancer Society, prostate cancer is the most common cancer in American men next to skin cancer. It’s estimated that nearly 300,000 men will be diagnosed and more than 35,000 will die of the disease this year. Olubayo Tojuola, MD, talks about the disease and its signs, symptoms, and treatments.
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Age and family history are two of the main reasons why a man could develop prostate cancer. Ethnicity can also be a factor. Due to multiple variables, we tend to find more aggressive prostate cancer in African American men."
Dr. Tojuola: It’s cancer that occurs in the prostate, which is part of the male reproductive system and is located just below the bladder and in front of the rectum. The main type of cancer we see in the prostate is adenocarcinoma, but we also can find neuroendocrine cancer. The interesting thing about prostate cancer is that we only usually see symptoms when the disease is locally advanced. This is why we encourage men of a certain age to get screened on a yearly basis.
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Q: What is prostate cancer?
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Dr. Tojuola: It’s very important to understand the patient’s disease biology before deciding on a treatment regimen. Some prostate cancers might be aggressive, while some may lie dormant. Active surveillance is a treatment option recommended if the cancer is less aggressive. This involves monitoring the situation and advancing to treatment, if necessary. For the more aggressive cancer, we can perform surgery to remove the prostate. In addition, a patient can undergo radiation treatment that is pinpointed to the affected area. Cryoablation, which is a procedure that uses gas to freeze and extinguish abnormal cells or diseased tissue, has also been effective and, in some cases, high-frequency ultrasound is used.
Q: How do you treat prostate cancer?
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By StoryStudio on September 5, 2024
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Age and family history are two of the main reasons why a man could develop prostate cancer. Ethnicity can also be a factor. Due to multiple variables, we tend to find more aggressive prostate cancer in African American men."
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Dr. Tojuola: The main screening tool we use right now is called a Prostate-Specific Antigen or PSA test. PSA is a protein made only in the prostate, and when cancer is present, the amount of PSA is elevated in the blood stream. We recommend men who are at average risk get screened starting at age 50, and those with a family history get their first test between the ages of 40 and 45. A normal PSA level is between 4 and 4.5, but if you are in your early 50s, your level should be less than 2. There are a few reasons why your PSA level might be high, so it’s important to have a conversation with your urologist to determine why the number is elevated and how to treat it. In addition to the PSA test, we have also found that Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the prostate and other genomic markers that have been developed, involving urine or blood tests, are also used to screen in some cases.
Q: What is the screening process?
Dr. Tojuola: The main symptoms include the inability to urinate, because the bladder has been blocked off, blood in the urine, weight loss, night sweats or bone pain. Sometimes a man might experience abdominal or pelvic pain. Age and family history are two of the main reasons why a man could develop prostate cancer. Ethnicity can also be a factor. Due to multiple variables, we tend to find more aggressive prostate cancer in African American men.
Q: What are the signs and symptoms of prostate cancer?
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Dr. Vanodia: It’s the installment of a metal implant into the femur bone of an individual with an above-knee amputation, so, over time, the metal integrates into the bone and becomes one unit. The surgery involves two stages. The first stage is where the femur bone is prepared to receive the metal implant and it is placed into the bone. Patients then wait three months to allow the metal to integrate with the bone. During the second surgery, surgeons screw in a titanium abutment that will come through the skin and attach directly to a prosthetic knee and foot.
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Dr. Tojuola: The main screening tool we use right now is called a Prostate-Specific Antigen or PSA test. PSA is a protein made only in the prostate, and when cancer is present, the amount of PSA is elevated in the blood stream. We recommend men at average risk get screened starting at age 50, and those with a famly history get screened between ages 40 and 45. A normal PSA level is between 4 and 4.5, but if you are in your early 50s, your level should be less than 2. There are a few reasons why your PSA level might be high, so it’s important to have a conversation with your urologist to determine why the number is elevated and how to treat it. In addition to the PSA test, we have also found that Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the prostate and other genomic markers that have been developed, involving urine or blood tests, are also used to screen in some cases.
Q: What resources are available for patients to help them navigate their cancer journey?
Dr. Tojuola: To help patients navigate their cancer journey, we connect them to our oncology nurse navigators. These specially trained nurses, located in hospitals throughout the system, serve as an advocate and liaison for patients at the beginning of their cancer journey, through treatment and beyond. They help coordinate care, expedite imaging, present patients at tumor board, assess for any barriers to care, and help to remove those barriers such as transportation, lodging or financial issues. All the nurses are certified in oncology care and can answer patient’s questions and educate on the treatments, survivorship programs, etc. This team of oncology nurse navigators provides personalized care to every patient, every day to ensure that no one fights cancer alone. They do everything they can to make the cancer patient’s pathway easier, so they can focus on recovery, and getting back to doing what makes them happy.
Dr. Tojuola: It’s very important to understand the patient’s disease biology before deciding on a treatment regimen. Some prostate cancers might be aggressive, while some may lie dormant. Active surveillance is a treatment option recommended if the cancer is less aggressive. This involves monitoring the situation and advancing to treatment, if necessary. For the more aggressive cancer, we can perform surgery to remove the prostate. In addition, a patient can undergo radiation treatment that is pinpointed to the affected area. Cryoablation, which is a procedure that uses gas to freeze and extinguish abnormal cells or diseased tissue, has also been effective and, in some cases, high-frequency ultrasound is used.
Q: What resources are available for patients to help them navigate their cancer journey?
Prostate Cancer: What Men Need To Know
Olubayo Tojuola, MD
Olubayo Tojuola, MD, is a urologist with Memorial Hermann Medical Group.
