Supply-chain power imbalance
Unilateral variation of supply terms
02
Concealed data practices
Hidden data collection driving consent
01
Material information omitted
Key information obscured or withheld
03
Deterring legal rights
Designs discouraging rights enforcement
06
Behavioural vulnerabilites
Biases exploited in choice architecture
05
Opaque targeting & design
Data‑driven targeting undermining autonomy
04
Complex disclosures
Information that prevents informed consent
09
All‑or‑nothing clickwrap
Excessive tracking without real choice
08
Hidden contract terms
Financial obligations not clearly disclosed
07
High-pressure sales
Confusing or coercive sales methods
12
Obstructions
Friction preventing consumer action
11
False urgency
Artificial time pressure tactics
10
Predatory conduct
Aggressive or intimidating behaviour
15
Targeting vulnerability
Practices aimed at vulnerable groups
14
Confirm-sharing
Nudging consumers to overshare
13
Dark patterns
Manipulative digital engagement practices
18
Limited redress
Inadequate complaint or remedy pathways
17
Hard to cancel
Difficulty opting out or cancelling
16
