Langan’s PFAS expertise brings value to your projects with practical and client-focused solutions. Our experts are your environmental advocates.
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Langan’s Per-and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Practice
Langan’s PFAS practice focuses on the investigation, remediation, and management of contaminants of emerging concern with a particular emphasis on per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). We are engaged in the complex and rapidly evolving technical and regulatory aspects of PFAS investigation and remediation and have extensive practical experience that provides value to our clients.
Our core team of PFAS professionals located throughout the United States has diverse expertise in PFAS sampling and analysis, chemistry, history of use, site characterization, fate and transport, treatability studies, treatment and remediation, regulations and regulatory policy, risk assessment and management, compliance, data management and visualization, and other related specialties. Our portfolio of PFAS projects includes facilities in the following categories: fluorochemical manufacturing, aviation, petroleum refining, petrochemical manufacturing, semiconductor research and development, electroplating, military, fire training and response involving aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF), wastewater treatment, public water supply, and others.
Location:
New Mexico (NM)
Notes:
1 - Applies individually and to the sum of PFOS, PFOA, PFHxS
Federal Standards and Guidance Values
Location:
Washington (WA)
Federal Standards and Guidance Values
Standard/guidance
Standard/guidance
Notes:
1 - USEPA proposed National Primary Drinking Water Regulations on March 14, 2023. In addition to the MCLs, USEPA also proposed non-enforceable MCLGs of 0.0 for PFOA and PFOS.
2 - USEPA Regional Screening Level (RSL) Summary Table (TR=1E-06, HQ=1) November 2023. Note: RSL users screening sites with multiple contaminants should consult the USEPA (2023) RSL User's Guide and USEPA (1989) Risk Assessment Guidance. Potassium salts of PFBS and PFOS have identical RSL values.
PFAS Regulations
Location:
New York (NY)
Notes:
1 - New York state guidance values for PFOA and PFOS in soil. Unrestricted values are most stringet of risk-based values.
Notes:
1 - Applies to the individual results for PFOA and PFOS, as well as the sum of PFOA + PFOS
Federal Standards and Guidance Values
Notes:
1 - Ohio applies the EPA HA of 70 ppt to PFOA and PFOS individually or the sum of the two
Location:
Texas (TX)
See more PFAS values
Return to Page 1
Federal Standards and Guidance Values
Location:
Nebraska (NE)
Notes:
1 - If both PFOA and PFOS are present, the sum of the concentrations for these contaminants should not exceed 0.07 ug/L
2 - Both PFOA and PFOS groundwater levels are "health advisory levels"
Federal Standards and Guidance Values
Location:
Texas (TX)
Federal Standards and Guidance Values
Location:
Wisconsin (WI)
HH IC = Protection of human health for incidental consumption of surface waters associated with recreational activities in the water
Notes:
1 - Applies to the individual results for PFOA and PFOS, as well as the sum of PFOA+PFOSS
Location:
Michigan (MI)
Notes:
1 - Applies only to surface water used as a source of drinking water
Notes:
1 - Applies to the individual results for PFOA and PFOS, as well as the sum of PFOA + PFOS
2 - Applies to individual or sum of 6 PFAS (PFOS, PFOA, PFHxS, PFNA, PFHpA, PFDA)
Notes:
1 - Applies to the individual results for PFOA and PFOS, as well as the sum of PFOA + PFOS
Federal Standards and Guidance Values
Notes:
1 - Applies to the sum of PFHxS, PFHpA, PFNA, PFOS, and PFOA
Federal Standards and Guidance Values
Note:
Nevada will follow EPA's drinking water regulation regarding PFAS (when finalized)…" - Nevada Division of Envrionmental Protection (NVDEP)
Federal Standards and Guidance Values
Notes:
1 - Applies to the sum of PFHxS, PFHpA, PFNA, PFOS, and PFOA
Federal Standards and Guidance Values
Location:
Delaware (DE)
Year updated
Standard/guidance
Year updated
Standard/guidance
Notes:
1 - Applies to the individual results for PFOA and PFOS, as well as the sum of PFOA + PFOS
2 - If the sum of PFOA and PFOS exceeds 0.017 ug/L, this will be considered an exceedance.
Federal Standards and Guidance Values
dcdcdc
Notes:
RL: PFAS constituents with established NLs/ RLs are subject to set of statuary requirement for public notifications and have additional requirements compared to PFAS constituents without NLs/RLs.
Notes:
1 - Applies to the individual results for PFOA, PFOS, PFDA, PFHpA, PFNA, and PFHxS as well as the sum of concentrations of these 6 PFAS
2 - Applies to individual or sum of 6 PFAS (PFOS, PFOA, PFHxS, PFNA, PFHpA, PFDA)
Federal Standards and Guidance Values
Federal Standards and Guidance Values
Notes:
1 - Pennsylvania MSCs are reported in the table for aquifers used for residential purposes with a total dissolved solid (TDS) value less than or equal to 2500 mg/L. If it exceeds, the values are multiplied by a factor of 100
Location:
Hawaii (HI)
Unit:
µg/L = microgram per liter
Standard:
EAL = Environmental action level
Notes:
1 - Drinking water EAL concentrations apply to groundwater that IS a current or potential source of drinking water.
2 - EAL concentrations apply to groundwater that is NOT a current or potential source of drinking water.
Federal Standards and Guidance Values
Location:
New Jersey (NJ)
Notes:
1 - PFOA and PFOS MCLs were first proposed by NJDEP in 2017 and 2018 and both were adopted in 2020. PFNA MCL was proposed in 2015 and adopted in 2018.
2 - ISGWQC are enforceable standards published by NJDEP by posting on interim groundwater quality standards table
Location:
Florida (FL)
Eco = Ecological
FW = Freshwater
IW = Irrigation water
MW = Marine Water
Location:
Indiana (IN)
Notes:
1 = Standards are from an interim announcement published in July 2023. These values are anticipated to be included in a forthcoming 2024 update
Notes:
1 - Applies to the individual results for PFOA and PFOS, as well as the sum of PFOA + PFOS
Location:
Minnesota (MN)
Notes:
1 - HBVs are not promulgated values, but are final values that are in use for guidance purposes by MDH and its partner agencies. Short-term HRL and HBV values are available, but currently equal to subchronic values.
Location:
Illinois (IL)
Federal Standards and Guidance Values
Notes:
1 - Nebraska voluntary cleanup program groundwater and soil remediation goals
Notes:
1 - The 2018 Colorado site-specific groundwater quality standard was adopted to provide a cleanup goal for the contaiminated aquifier in El Paso county only for PFOA + PFOS combined
2 - Criterian applies to individual or combined concentrations of the following: PFOA; PFOS; adjusted value of NEtFOSAA, NMeFOSAA, and PFOSA/FOSA, and PFNA
Location:
Maine (ME)
Notes:
1 - Applies to the sum of PFHxS, PFHpA, PFNA, PFOS, and PFOA
2- Applies individually and in sum to 6 PFAS in drinking water: PFOA, PFOS, PFHxS, PFNA, PFHpA, PFDA
Federal Standards and Guidance Values
Notes:
1 - Nebraska voluntary cleanup program groundwater and soil remediation goals
Federal Standards and Guidance Values
Location:
Delaware (DE)
Federal Standards and Guidance Values
Location:
Hawaii (HI)
See more PFAS values
Return to Page 1
Unit:
mg/kg = milligrams per kilogram
Notes:
1 - Drinking water EAL concentrations apply to groundwater that IS a current or potential source of drinking water.
2 - EAL concentrations apply to groundwater that is NOT a current or potential source of drinking water.
Federal Standards and Guidance Values
Federal Standards and Guidance Values
Location:
Indiana (IN)
Notes:
1 = Standards are from an interim announcement published in July 2023. These values are anticipated to be included in a forthcoming 2024 update
Notes:
1 - USEPA Regional Screening Level (RSL) Summary Table (TR=1E-06, HQ=1) November 2023. Note: RSL users screening sites with multiple contaminants should consult the USEPA (2023) RSL User's Guide and USEPA (1989) Risk Assessment Guidance.
Location:
Maine (ME)
Federal Standards and Guidance Values
Notes:
1 - Massachussets criteria for S-1 soils including sensitive land uses
Federal Standards and Guidance Values
Note:
New Hampshire DES proposed Draft Soil Remediation Standards (direct contact, leaching) and soil background values. The draft values will go through public comment and legislative review before adoption.
Federal Standards and Guidance Values
New Hampshire DES proposed Draft Soil Remediation Standards (direct contact, leaching) and soil background values. The draft values will go through public comment and legislative review before adoption.
Location:
Vermont (VT)
RSV = Residential Soil Value
CSV = Commercial Soil Value
mg/kg = milligram per kilogram
Federal Standards and Guidance Values
Notes:
1 - Iowa statewide standards for soil
Federal Standards and Guidance Values
Location:
Florida (FL)
Residential Direct Contact
Notes:
1 - Pennsylvania MSCs are reported in the table for aquifers used for residential purposes with a total dissolved solid (TDS) value less than or equal to 2500 mg/L. If it exceeds, the values are multiplied by a factor of 100.
Location:
New Jersey (NJ)
13252-13-6
62037-80-3
Federal Standards and Guidance Values
Location:
Oregon (OR)
Notes:
1 - Applies to the individual results for PFOA, PFOS, PFDA, PFHpA, PFNA, and PFHxS as well as the sum of concentrations of these 6 PFAS
2 - Applies to sum of PFOA, PFOS, PFNA, PFHxS
Click on the colored states below to learn more about their published PFAS regulations.
USEPA Soil Standards and Guidance Values
Soil Standards and Guidance Values
Soil Standards and Guidance Values
Soil Standards and Guidance Values
Soil Standards and Guidance Values
Soil Standards and Guidance Values
Soil Standards and Guidance Values
Soil Standards and Guidance Values
Soil Standards and Guidance Values
Soil Standards and Guidance Values
Soil Standards and Guidance Values
Soil Standards and Guidance Values
Soil Standards and Guidance Values
Soil Standards and Guidance Values
Soil Standards and Guidance Values
Soil Standards and Guidance Values
Soil Standards and Guidance Values
Soil Standards and Guidance Values
Soil Standards and Guidance Values
Soil Standards and Guidance Values
Soil Standards and Guidance Values
Soil Standards and Guidance Values
Soil Standards and Guidance Values
Soil Standards and Guidance Values
USEPA Water Standards and Guidance Values
Water Standards and Guidance Values
Water Standards and Guidance Values
Water Standards and Guidance Values
Water Standards and Guidance Values
Water Standards and Guidance Values
Water Standards and Guidance Values
Water Standards and Guidance Values
Water Standards and Guidance Values
Water Standards and Guidance Values
Water Standards and Guidance Values
Water Standards and Guidance Values
Water Standards and Guidance Values
Soil Standards and Guidance Values
Water Standards and Guidance Values
Water Standards and Guidance Values
Water Standards and Guidance Values
Water Standards and Guidance Values
Water Standards and Guidance Values
Water Standards and Guidance Values
Water Standards and Guidance Values
Water Standards and Guidance Values
Water Standards and Guidance Values
Water Standards and Guidance Values
Water Standards and Guidance Values
Water Standards and Guidance Values
Water Standards and Guidance Values
Water Standards and Guidance Values
Water Standards and Guidance Values
Water Standards and Guidance Values
Water Standards and Guidance Values
Water Standards and Guidance Values
Water Standards and Guidance Values
WA
ID
MT
ME
WA
MN
ND
OR
MI
ME
MT
VT
VT
NH
WI
NY
MN
OR
SD
WY
NH
MA
CA
WI
NY
MA
RI
CT
NV
PA
MI
IA
RI
UT
NE
NJ
OH
IL
CT
PA
IA
IN
NE
CO
WV
NJ
DE
NV
MD
OH
MO
IL
VA
IN
DE
KS
KY
MD
CO
CA
AZ
NC
NM
TN
OK
NC
TX
AR
SC
GA
NM
AL
MS
LA
AK
FL
TX
Federal Standards and Guidance Values
Federal Standards and Guidance Values
AK
Federal Standards and Guidance Values
Federal Standards and Guidance Values
Federal Standards and Guidance Values
FL
HI
Federal Standards
and Guidance Values
Federal Standards and Guidance Values
Federal Standards and Guidance Values
Federal Standards and Guidance Values
Federal Standards and Guidance Values
Federal Standards and Guidance Values
HI
Federal Standards and Guidance Values
Federal Standards and Guidance Values
Federal Standards and Guidance Values
Federal Standards and Guidance Values
Information summarized herein was compiled based on multiple state and federal regulatory releases and the September 2023 PFAS Water and Soil Values Table (September 2023) published by Interstate Technology and Regulatory Council Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substacnes Technical and Regulatory Guidance.
Federal Standards and Guidance Values
Federal Standards and Guidance Values
Values presented herein should not be considered comprehensive. Many states have various exposure scenarios and pathways that are not represented herein. The information contained in this map will be updated periodically, but may not represent the most current standards or the full nuance of a given State’s regulatory approach to PFAS. User’s are encouraged to contact a Langan representative for more information.
Federal Standards and Guidance Values
Federal Standards and Guidance Values
Federal Standards and Guidance Values
Our Services
Click on each service below for more information
Regulatory Compliance
Fate and Transport Analysis
Treatment, Remediation, and Waste Management
Sampling and Site Characterization
Forensics and Expert Support
Treatability Studies
Risk Assessment and Management
Due Diligence
Langan often supports attorneys and their clients by providing a range of PFAS expert services in connection with litigation and insurance claims. These services include:
• Strategy development
• Technical discovery support
• FOIA records requests
• Document management
• Database development and management
• Data analysis and forensic support services
• 2D and 3D modeling and visualization
• Cost/damages estimation and allocation
• Technical support for settlement negotiations
• Preparation of expert reports
• Coordination with other experts
• Testimony
Langan is actively involved in state and federal regulatory stakeholder processes involving PFAS and emerging contaminants. Many of our PFAS experts participate in stakeholder groups and provide input on technical guidance.
We assist our clients with regulatory compliance related to PFAS including compliance monitoring and testing, discharge permitting, stormwater and spill planning, and compliance with reporting requirements under various federal and state statutes such as the Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know Act (EPCRA).
Langan performs most laboratory-scale treatability studies "in-house" through our unique, collaborative partnership with the New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT) Center for Natural Resources. Langan has direct access to NJIT's environmental laboratories to evaluate a range of potential remedial technologies to support remedy selection.
Langan's Treatability Facility at NJIT provides critically valuable information for selecting and designing applicable, practical, and cost-effective remedial technologies, and helps to optimize remedial operations using in-house confirmation monitoring. In addition, we have unique access to NJIT's academic researchers, who are pioneering innovative approaches to analyzing and remediating PFAS.
As PFAS toxicological studies advance and new standards are published at the state and federal levels, Langan critically reviews the basis for these standards and interprets the implications for our clients’ regulatory obligations and liabilities. In addition to staying abreast of PFAS-related regulatory developments, Langan guides clients in evaluating and managing PFAS-related business and environmental risks in anticipation of evolving science and state and federal regulations.
Langan has developed innovative risk-based approaches for PFAS, including site-specific PFAS screening levels for groundwater and soil in certain instances where guidance for risk management and remedial action decisions was not provided.
Understanding PFAS chemical fate and transport processes in the environment is vital to assess potential risks from a release, determining where sources and receptors may be located, and evaluating potential remedial alternatives. We have extensive experience assessing chemical fate and transport with appropriate investigative, analytical, and modeling tools.
We recognize that PFAS have unique and varying properties that influence their behavior in the environment, often resulting in atypical transport pathways and distribution patterns.
Langan has sampled various environmental media for PFAS at numerous project sites throughout the United States. In doing so, we have gained valuable perspectives that we leverage to assist clients in meeting their regulatory requirements and business objectives. We routinely advise clients as they decide whether and when to initiate sampling. Sampling plans and programs are often phased. Some of the factors to consider when preparing a PFAS sampling plan include:
• Current and anticipated regulatory requirements and standards
• PFAS to be targeted
• Properties and anticipated concentration and distribution of the targeted PFAS
• Laboratory capabilities and analytical methods
• Background sources and concentrations
• Minimizing the potential for cross-contamination
• Potential outcomes and approach for data interpretation
Langan brings perspectives and knowledge to our clients from our direct involvement developing the Sampling and Analysis sections of the Interstate Technology and Regulatory Council's (ITRC) PFAS Technical and Regulatory Guidance Document, and from our relationships with laboratories and analytical experts nationwide.
Evolving PFAS regulations at the state and federal levels have added complexity to real estate and business transaction risk assessments. Langan draws from extensive PFAS knowledge and experience to advise clients on transactional due diligence and develop assessment strategies aligned with their business objectives.
Our environmental professionals stay abreast of changes in best practices, including compliance with the American Society for Testing and Materials E1527-21 Standard Practice for Phase I Environmental Site Assessments and the Environmental Protection Agency’s All Appropriate Inquiry rule. Langan also routinely performs non-transactional PFAS due diligence, typically for clients required by regulation, to assess their potential for PFAS impacts or for facilities that seek to proactively identify and manage potential risks associated with historical and/or current PFAS use.
Designing and implementing cost-effective PFAS remediation strategies is challenging because of the unique and varied physiochemical properties of PFAS, their recalcitrance, low regulatory thresholds, and the evolving scientific and regulatory landscape. Langan is directly involved in leading-edge R&D initiatives with industry partners, and helps promote knowledge sharing and technical advancements through our contributions to the PFAS Experts Symposium and ITRC training and guidance.
Langan routinely guides clients through evaluating and selecting PFAS remedial alternatives, performs treatability testing, leads or performs the design phase, and manages the remedy implementation. Factors to consider in evaluating PFAS treatment include:
• Type of media to be treated
• Types and concentrations of PFAS, including polyfluorinated precursors if present
• Presence of other contaminants
• Remediation objectives
• Previous or concurrent remediation efforts
• Regulatory requirements
• Intended property use
• Subsurface conditions
• Site constraints
• Owner's risk tolerance
• Requirements of the receiving facility (for off-site disposal options)
Regulatory
Compliance
Regulatory
Compliance
Sampling and
Site Characterization
Sampling and
Site Characterization
Fate and
Transport Analysis
Fate and
Transport Analysis
Due Diligence
Due Diligence
Geotechnical
Geotechnical
Geotechnical
Geotechnical
Geotechnical
Geotechnical
Geotechnical
Geotechnical
Environmental
Environmental
Environmental
Environmental
Environmental
Environmental
Environmental
Environmental
Landscape Architecture
Landscape Architecture
Landscape Architecture
Landscape Architecture
Landscape Architecture
Landscape Architecture
Landscape Architecture
Landscape Architecture
Risk Assessment
and Management
Risk Assessment
and Management
Treatability
Studies
Treatability
Studies
Treatment, Remediation,
and Waste Management
Treatment, Remediation,
and Waste Management
Forensics and
Expert Support
Forensics and
Expert Support
We have experience applying our knowledge of PFAS history of use and chemistry in combination with various analytical tools to forensically distinguish PFAS from comingled sources and plumes. These tools include compound ratio analysis, isomer analysis, multivariate statistics, product analysis, and use of expanded and/or non-target analyte lists. Our technical experts offer exceptional value and critical technical evidence to support legal cases.
News, Insights, and Knowledge
The Future of PFAS: Science, Regulations, & Industry Impact
Langan’s Stew Abrams, Ryan Anderson, and Amita Oka will participate in the third biennial PFAS Experts Symposium. This event brings together invited PFAS remediation experts and leaders from environmental consulting, industry, regulatory, nonprofit technical and research, and legal fields. The objectives are to share expertise and insights, assess PFAS remediation science and policy developments, identify key issues and needs, and present consensus takeaway messages for stakeholders including policymakers and the regulated community.
Langan’s Stewart Abrams, PE is co-presenting with John Simon, Principal of Gnarus Advisors LLC, on October 18, 2023 at the Chemistry Council of New Jersey virtual event “The Future of PFAS: Science, Regulations, & Industry Impact.” For more information please see the event website.
New York, NY
News, Insights, and Knowledge
Understanding and Managing Environmental Liabilities with Risk Assessment
Risk management is an integral part of any successful organization. Companies routinely assess and manage risks associated with finances, legal obligations, and cyber security. Yet the ability to understand and manage environmental risk should be seen as an equally important part of a company’s success.
New York, NY
News, Insights, and Knowledge
Streamlining Environmental Compliance Through Centralized Regulatory Data
Navigating a project through the ever-changing world of environmental compliance can be an overwhelming task. Between evolving regulatory requirements and agency-specific standards, it is easy to feel discombobulated when determining how certain regulations will impact a site.
New York, NY
News, Insights, and Knowledge
LET’S GET DEEP
Complex Projects, Cutting-Edge Solutions
Langan experts discuss our full service national environmental practice and how we work to support our client's needs.
New York, NY
News, Insights, and Knowledge
Considerations and Strategies for Managing PFAS Impacted Materials
Langan's technical professionals will be presenting at this year's FET conference, taking place at Milwaukee Marriott West in Waukesha WI. Presentations include "Considerations and Strategies for Managing PFAS Impacted Materials" presented by Diane Ruddle, Clean Harbors & Joe Good, PE, Langan.
Click here for more information on the event.
FET= Federation of Environmental Technologists
New York, NY
News, Insights, and Knowledge
EPA Announces Two Long-Awaited Rulings for PFAS Chemicals
EPA forged ahead with actions under the PFAS Strategic Road Map announcing in April 2024 two long-awaited final rulings with far reaching implications:
1. Designating PFOA and PFOS as CERCLA Hazardous Substances
2. Establishing Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) and MCL Goals (MCLGs) for six PFAS as a National Primary Drinking Water Regulation
New York, NY
News, Insights, and Knowledge
News, Insights, and Knowledge
On the PFAS Front with Langan
We’re excited to share the latest installment of our On the PFAS Front video series with you! This series brings together industry experts to discuss the latest hot topics surrounding PFAS.
In this video, Caryn Barnes, LSRP of Langan and AnnieLu DeWitt of Clean Harbors discuss the management of PFAS waste across various media.
News, Insights, and Knowledge
PFOA / PFOS Hazardous Substance Designation Takes Effect
Monday, July 8, 2024 was the effective date of EPA’s May 2024 ruling designating PFOA and PFOS perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), and their salts and structural isomers, as hazardous substances under the Superfund law (Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act-CERCLA).
New York, NY
News, Insights, and Knowledge
AFFF System Replacement
Langan PFAS Experts Address the Complexities of AFFF
Aqueous Film-Forming Foam (AFFF) is an important component of fire suppression systems and integral to safety at many facilities—yet AFFF is also identified as a primary source of PFAS.
New York, NY
News, Insights, and Knowledge
Langan Takes on ‘Forever Chemicals’
Stew Abrams’ recent interview with the NAM News Room shared his insights on the race to remove PFAS from its remaining industry uses—and on what is “possible” regarding PFAS removal, amongst other insights garnered from his PFAS project experience. The full article can be viewed here: https://nam.org/environmental-firm-langan-takes-on-forever-chemicals-29233/?stream=policy-legal
New York, NY
News, Insights, and Knowledge
Test the Water
Langan at the Forefront on PFAS-Contaminated Drinking Water
Federal and state agencies are adopting stringent drinking water standards to protect against risks associated with PFAS. While regulations may vary from agency to agency, the goal remains the same for water purveyors: support the community by identifying and implementing effective and economical remedies for PFAS-contaminated drinking water.
New York, NY
News, Insights, and Knowledge
News, Insights, and Knowledge
On the PFAS Front with Langan
Join us for a series where our remediation experts join together with industry experts to discuss hot topics surrounding PFAS.
In our third installment, Langan is joined by Kent Sorenson, Chief Technology Officer and Dayal Saran, Vice President/Head of Research at Allonnia, a remediation technology startup based in Boston. The team discusses biotechnology and innovative solutions for the treatment and removal of PFAS from water.
News, Insights, and Knowledge
Q&A: Beyond Remediation
What is the role of remediation professionals and how do they typically support clients?
New York, NY
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