Inflation
Nominal growth
Rates
1947-1950
Inflation
Low real rates (-)
High real growth
High inflation
Low real rates
Low inflation
High real growth
1951-1967
High real rates' volatility
High inflation
Low real growth
1968-1981
Positive real rates
Disinflation
High real growth
1982-1997
High real rates
Low inflation
High real growth (-)
1998-2000
Medium real rates
Low inflation
Low real growth (-)
2001-2010
Low real rates (-)
Low inflation
Medium real growth (+)
2011-2018
Negative real rates
High inflation
Zero real growth
2019-2022