Performance in education is uneven, even at similar levels of spending.
Performance in education is uneven, even at similar levels of spending.
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![Image description:
A 2-panel interactive shows educational performance by country by annual expenditure per student (in US dollars). Country performance scores are divided into 4 sections per panel based on purchasing-power parity, in $2,000 increments, and harmonized learning outcomes, ranked from great to below poor. For the zero to $2,000 section, Kenya ranks highest among listed countries and Ghana lowest. For $2,000–$4,000, Vietnam ranks highest and South Africa lowest. For $4,000–$6,000, Russia ranks highest and Costa Rica lowest. For $6,000–$8,000, Latvia ranks highest and Saudi Arabia lowest. For $8,000–$10,000, Estonia ranks highest and Oman lowest. For $10,000–$12,000, Slovenia ranks highest and Kuwait lowest. For $12,000–$14,000, Hong Kong ranks highest and Malta lowest. For $14,000–$16,000, Singapore ranks highest overall and United Arab Emirates lowest.
Footnote: Harmonized learning outcome, or HLO, scores are standardized, comparable achievement scores for K–12 students. They are based on international assessments (the Programme for International Student Assessment [PISA], Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study [TIMSS], and Progress in International Reading Literacy Study [PIRLS]) and regional assessments (the Southern and Eastern Africa Consortium for Monitoring Educational Quality [SACMEQ], Programme for the Analysis of Education Systems [PASEC], Latin American Laboratory for the Assessment of the Quality of Education [LLECE], and Early Grade Reading Assessment [EGRA]). Eleven countries are imputed by World Bank using the Global Alliance to Monitor Learning method, which relies on national assessments. Countries spending less than $3,000 per student with K–12 aged populations of less than 5 million are excluded from the chart, unless they have the highest or lowest HLO score in their spending group. To ensure government spending was comparable across the countries analyzed, internationally comparable data sources were used in the following order: UNESCO, World Bank, OECD. More than 80% of the data is from 2017–20. Where data was scarce, data from as early as 2014 was used and adjusted for inflation. For countries with no internationally comparable data available from 2014–20, a GDP per capita model or government websites were employed.
Source: Eurostat; OECD; UNESCO Institute for Statistics; World Bank.
End of image description.](https://media-s3-us-east-1.ceros.com/mckinsey/images/2024/02/23/295dc9a75154cfc0dfc27a0b4d5d4ef9/01.png)
![Image description:
A 2-panel interactive shows educational performance by country by annual expenditure per student (in US dollars). Country performance scores are divided into 4 sections per panel based on purchasing-power parity, in $2,000 increments, and harmonized learning outcomes, ranked from great to below poor. For the zero to $2,000 section, Kenya ranks highest among listed countries and Ghana lowest. For $2,000–$4,000, Vietnam ranks highest and South Africa lowest. For $4,000–$6,000, Russia ranks highest and Costa Rica lowest. For $6,000–$8,000, Latvia ranks highest and Saudi Arabia lowest. For $8,000–$10,000, Estonia ranks highest and Oman lowest. For $10,000–$12,000, Slovenia ranks highest and Kuwait lowest. For $12,000–$14,000, Hong Kong ranks highest and Malta lowest. For $14,000–$16,000, Singapore ranks highest overall and United Arab Emirates lowest.
Footnote: Harmonized learning outcome, or HLO, scores are standardized, comparable achievement scores for K–12 students. They are based on international assessments (the Programme for International Student Assessment [PISA], Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study [TIMSS], and Progress in International Reading Literacy Study [PIRLS]) and regional assessments (the Southern and Eastern Africa Consortium for Monitoring Educational Quality [SACMEQ], Programme for the Analysis of Education Systems [PASEC], Latin American Laboratory for the Assessment of the Quality of Education [LLECE], and Early Grade Reading Assessment [EGRA]). Eleven countries are imputed by World Bank using the Global Alliance to Monitor Learning method, which relies on national assessments. Countries spending less than $3,000 per student with K–12 aged populations of less than 5 million are excluded from the chart, unless they have the highest or lowest HLO score in their spending group. To ensure government spending was comparable across the countries analyzed, internationally comparable data sources were used in the following order: UNESCO, World Bank, OECD. More than 80% of the data is from 2017–20. Where data was scarce, data from as early as 2014 was used and adjusted for inflation. For countries with no internationally comparable data available from 2014–20, a GDP per capita model or government websites were employed.
Source: Eurostat; OECD; UNESCO Institute for Statistics; World Bank.
End of image description.](https://media-s3-us-east-1.ceros.com/mckinsey/images/2024/02/23/df8c9e81051bf259dc3f9da918153c36/02.png)