…can help governments identify the right type of scheme…
Industry-led voluntary scheme
Government-backed voluntary scheme
Co-regulatory scheme
Mandatory scheme
Identifying the type and extent of market failure…
Coordination challenges
…which requires governments to pull the right levers…
Free-riders
Negative externalities
Few providers; concentrated industry
Low implementation and operating costs
Low-risk
product (volume and toxicity)
Many providers; fragmented industry
High implementation and operating costs
High-risk
product (volume and toxicity)
Indirect influence and encouragement
Information, support
and guidance
Joint standard-setting, oversight, monitoring and enforcement
Government-led standard-setting, oversight, monitoring and enforcement
Industry-run scheme for recycling print cartridges
Mobile phone product stewardship scheme
National Television and Computer Recycling Scheme
Oil Product Stewardship Scheme
…as seen in these examples:
