OWN E-COMMERCE
DUTY-FREE SHOPS
SOCIAL MEDIA
RECEIPT TRACKERS
PAYMENT COMPANIES
RETAIL DATA AGGREGATORS
ONLINE RETAILERS
E.g. own website,
mobile app
E.g. DFS, DDF
E.g. Facebook,
Instagram, WeChat
E.g. Slice Technologies,
InfoScout
E.g. Farfetch,
Net-à-Porter, Tmall
E.g. Nielsen, IRI, GFK
E.g. Stripe, Amex,
First data