®
Security concerns of the modern-day CISO
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Optimization
Oz
Technology
Te
Staffing
St
Budget
Bu
Role &
Accountability
Ra
Organized
Crime
Oc
Nation
State
Nt
Hacktivist
Ha
Negligent
Insiders
Ni
Malicious
Insiders
Mi
Artificial
Intelligence
Ai
Artificial
Intelligence
Ai
Blockchain
Bc
Blockchain
Bc
Web3
We
Web3
We
Machine
Learning
Ml
Machine
Learning
Ml
Big Data
Bd
Big Data
Bd
Fusion
Center
Fc
Fusion
Center
Fc
Threat
Hunting
Th
Threat
Hunting
Th
Orchestration
& Automation
Oa
Orchestration
& Automation
Oa
Detection &
Response
Dr
Detection &
Response
Dr
Cloud
Security
Cs
Cloud
Security
Cs
Third-Party
Risk Mgmt
Trm
Third-Party
Risk Mgmt
Trm
DevSecOps
Dso
DevSecOps
Dso
Zero
Trust
Zt
Zero
Trust
Zt
Cyber Threat
Intelligence
Cti
Cyber Threat
Intelligence
Cti
Incident
Response
Ir
Incident
Response
Ir
Security Info
& Event Mgmt
Si
Security Info
& Event Mgmt
Si
Penetration
Testing
Pt
Penetration
Testing
Pt
Security Operations Ctr
Soc
Security Operations Ctr
Soc
Data
Protection
Dp
Data
Protection
Dp
Application
Security
As
Application
Security
As
Threat
Management
Tm
Threat
Management
Tm
Web
Security
Ws
Web
Security
Ws
Email
Management
Em
Email
Management
Em
Vulnerability
Management
Vm
Vulnerability
Management
Vm
Endpoint
Security
Es
Endpoint
Security
Es
Network
Security
Ns
Network
Security
Ns
Identity &
Access Mgmt
Iam
Identity &
Access Mgmt
Iam
Configuration
Management
Cfg
Configuration
Management
Cfg
Patch
Management
Pm
Patch
Management
Pm
Change
Management
Cm
Change
Management
Cm
Asset
Management
Am
Asset
Management
Am
Business
Alignment
Ba
Business
Alignment
Ba
Privacy
Pr
Privacy
Pr
Compliance
Co
Compliance
Co
Risk
Management
Rm
Risk
Management
Rm
Governance
Go
Governance
Go
Digital
Transformation
Dx
Digital
Transformation
Dx
CISO Constraints
Threat Actors
Emerging Technology
Advanced Security Programs
Security Program Fundamentals
IT Fundamentals
Business Fundamentals
* Cisco 2018 Annual Cybersecurity Report.
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Trust
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Explore the elements that make up the cybersecurity landscape, from today's fundamentals to tomorrow's technology.
Visit the desktop version of the CISO Periodic Table to view the full experience.
Business Fundamentals
Digital
Transformation
Dx
Go
Governance
Risk
Management
Rm
These core frameworks will help ensure that your business objectives are aligned with your cybersecurity objectives.
Compliance
Co
Privacy
Pr
Business
Alignment
Ba
Almost every organization recognizes the importance of digital transformation (DX). However, DX initiatives frequently outpace the ability of the IT organization to provide effective security.
Future growth will depend on the adoption of a different business model and a new set of assumptions about what success will look like.
The number of identities organizations must manage is ballooning, especially when you factor in all the non-human ones, like bots, applications and systems.
Identity governance can help you understand the state and sources of all your identities and also includes things like account administration, role-based access control, segregation of duties and identity auditing.
Digital transformation means risk is getting more complex. The trouble is, many organizations are struggling to keep up. We've found that the biggest three areas for improvement are:
1. Risk and data governance
2. Keeping pace with changes
3. Communication
Explaining the current health of your security is tricky enough; it gets harder when leaders don't speak technology.
Ensure Compliance with Optiv
Learn More
Consumer privacy laws have expanded in recent years, with five U.S. states enacting new protections that take effect in 2023. But that's just the tip of the Privacy iceberg as organizations grapple with a complex web of regulatory obligations and consumer expectations. Organizations that build a people-first privacy program will be ready to face the challenges ahead.
The digital ambitions of most organizations can also dramatically expand their cyber attack surface by pushing IT infrastructure into the cloud, connecting IoT and accelerating software development cycles.
Security leaders must become more aware of business objectives and strive to demonstrate how cyber programs enable business success.
IT Fundamentals
Digital
Transformation
Dx
Change
Management
Cm
Configuration
Management
Cfg
Identity & Access
Management
Iam
Patch
Management
Pm
These elements will help you eliminate duplicative technologies and put the right security controls in place.
Asset Management is critical to an effective cybersecurity strategy. You can't properly secure what you don't know exists.
In addition, by continuously tracking and optimizing the IT asset footprint, other functions such as patch management become far more streamlined.
To effectively compete in the digital economy, companies are investing in new technologies faster than ever before. But they often underestimate the impact these technology investments have on people and processes.
Change often is met with resistance, but Organizational Change Management helps organizations to quickly and effectively align stakeholders, onboard users and accelerate adoption.
Effective patch management is a critical component within a security program. Many high-impact breaches stem from unpatched vulnerabilities, where the patches already exist.
Teams have to find the time to test and implement patches across complex environments. Knowing what is being exploited by attackers and how critical vulnerabilities are within your environment can make a big difference."
Configuration management proactively and continuously monitors and hardens the security configurations of an organization’s operating systems, applications and network devices.
A formalized configuration management program is important to demonstrate compliance with various regulations including PCI DSS and HIPAA.
Many breaches are the result of deficiencies in IAM programs and with the rise in remote work, a trend that's likely to continue.
However, many aspects of IAM can be complex and require the development of a formalized plan to drive maturity and support business initiatives. We often see identity handed in a technology- or problem-forward way, but it's best to take a holistic, integrated approach.
Digital
Transformation
Dx
Network
Security
Ns
Email
Security
Em
Web
Security
Ws
Vulnerability
Management
Vm
Endpoint
Security
Es
Attack surfaces are growing and organizations are having a hard time keeping up with new threat vectors. Vulnerabilities, misconfigurations and gaps in security can leave an organization open to attacks such as malware, ransomware, data theft and more.
Penetration Testing can help find the vulnerabilities in your environment and close those gaps to improve your security posture. Organizations that only use automated tools or run automated penetration tests can miss gaps in defenses. Optiv recommends methods that go beyond traditional automated scanning to test your attack surface inside and out.
Web application vulnerabilities are a leading source of security incidents. Organizations struggle to secure APIs, and attackers have taken notice by increasing their focus on APIs.
From December 2020 to June 2021, the percentage of API traffic that was malicious grew from 1.4% to 2.6%. Finding and fixing vulnerabilities can be tough when it is not clear which and how many apps need to be secured.
Application Security experts help organizations innovate digitally and securely through the identification and mitigation of security risks in application technologies, processes and code.
Public cloud services are the foundation of the digital business’s agility and innovation. As companies rush to the cloud, however, input from the security team is not relied upon as frequently as perhaps it should be.
As organizations increasingly shift their workloads into the public cloud, best practices suggest that security teams should be involved early in the strategy process to minimize risk.
Being ready and able to respond is best accomplished by continually assessing your security controls and processes, as well as testing and training people.
The best defense is a holistic approach to Threat Management where you test and assess your people, processes and technology, remediate your vulnerabilities and build your capabilities to respond and recover from incidents.
Many organizations have developed security operations centers (SOCs), which are traditionally built around a team of people who enhance their ability to monitor and manage alerts with technology. They are typically reactive in nature, with logs and rules keyed towards monitoring the network and endpoints and focusing on known threats.
An SOC is a great start, but due to their reactive nature, increasingly sophisticated threat actors and the perennial challenge of keeping security seats filled, they often fall behind. These days, savvy security organizations are shifting to the more proactive fusion center model.
Digital
Transformation
Dx
Application
Security
As
Threat
Management
Tm
Security Info
& Event Management
Si
Security
Operations Center
Soc
Cloud
Security
Cs
Organizations struggle with expanding amounts of data, a growing number of security tools and an increase in locations where data--especially sensitive data--is stored. Plus, changing regulatory and compliance requirements add complexity for organizations when creating data protection strategies and implementing technology solutions.
Data Protection was called out as the most effective technology to reduce cyber risks among more than twenty security technology categories in a recent survey of security executives by Optiv/ESI ThoughtLab. Not surprisingly, data protection was also identified as the area of largest current investment focus.
Network security is likely one of the largest line items in the security technology budget. In the era of digital transformation, the old paradigm of the protected network perimeter has become less relevant. Network security concepts are being forced to morph with the advent of virtual/cloud IT environments and distributed IoT devices.
Among the multitude of security assessments Optiv conducts for clients annually, data protection stands out as one of the lowest maturity disciplines in most organizations.
Optiv expects continued strong corporate investment in data security infrastructure, including data access governance, encryption and DLP.
Due to the growing sophistication of attacks, endpoint security was forced to evolve beyond signature-based blocking. Therefore, next-gen antivirus incorporates new prevention techniques that do not rely on signatures.
Endpoint detection and response (EDR) is a complex technology that is most applicable for mature security organizations, but can also be effectively leveraged through relationships with outside managed detection and response (MDR) providers.
Email should be a focal point for security executives for several reasons. First, it continues to be one of the most effective attack vectors for cybercriminals.
Second, an organization-wide breach can be sparked with a single click. Business email compromises (BECs) have emerged as a top social engineering tactic with reports of misrepresentation rising.
Secure web gateways represent a mature market, but they provide value for advanced URL filtering and threat defense. Traditional web security capability is becoming increasingly sourced from cloud-based offerings rather than on-prem appliances.
Taking that trend a step further, many technology vendors are increasingly consolidating web security, CASB, DLP, lighter-weight firewall and other security components and delivering them as an integrated cloud service.
New vulnerabilites appear every day, but the majority of exploited vulnerabilites are already known by security and IT professionals at the time of an incident.
When it comes to managing their vulnerabilities, many organizations are playing "Whack-a-Mole," but an effective vulnerability management program includes continuous scanning, prioritized remediation, completion tracking, root-cause analysis and detailed reporting.
Security Program Fundamentals
Business Fundamentals
IT Fundamentals
Tap to Learn More About...
Security Program Fundamentals
Advanced Security
Programs
Emerging Technologies
CISO Constraints
Threat Actors
Incident
Response
Ir
Cyber Threat Intelligence
Cti
With so many security technologies and constantly changing threat landscapes, it is important to understand where to focus valuable time and limited budget.
Natural Lang.
Processing
Np
Web3
We
Blockchain
Bc
Natural language processing (NLP) has its origins in the 1950s, beginning with a portion of Alan Turing’s proposed test of computer intelligence and John Searle’s Chinese Room experiment.
Early NLP was based on giving a computer a set of rules which it then applied to language data, which could produce deceptively human-like responses – so long as the computer “knew” the right rules.
Web3 is a term coined in 2014 to describe a possible future of the internet based on the ideal of decentralization as enabled by blockchain technology. This concept was developed as a reaction to the perceived over-centralization of the internet in the hands of large corporations under the current Web2 model.
Blockchain is a method to record transactions that provides high security by design: transactions are verified with advanced cryptography and spread across many computers in a peer-to-peer network (distributed ledger). Blockchain implementations are still nascent and this immaturity makes it challenging to predict the ultimate impact the technology will have.
Emerging Technology
CISO Constraints
Asset Management
Am
Budget
Bu
Technology
Te
Optimization
Oz
Staffing
St
From managing vendors to internal staff, these are the challenges CISO face and strategies to overcome them.
Role and Accountability
By protecting criticial systems from downtime and safeguarding customer privacy, security leaders are quickly becoming critical partners for digital transformation success.
That said, CISOs have their work cut out for them in terms of continuing to educate business executives and the board of directors about the challenges and accomplishments of their role.
Lack of budget continues to rank among the top inhibitors to building an effective security program. IT budgets commonly account for around 3-6% of an organization's total revenue. Cybersecurity generally consumes 5-15% of the IT budget.
Lack of skilled personnel is consistently mentioned by organizations as one of the top inhibitors to building effective cybersecurity programs.
Organizations can create substantial competitive advantage based on their ability to attract, train and retain cyber talent. Another alternative is to leverage outside experts through consulting or outsourcing partnerships.
Optiv routinely sees client environments that utilize 50 or more discreet security technologies.
There is certainly no shortage of well-funded cybersecurity technology companies out there all positioning their vision as the best solution in the market. This presents a major challenge for security practitioners and one where a trusted partner like Optiv is ideally positioned to help provide perspective and guidance.
Due to an overwhelming number of disparate tools in their environment, many organizations are hitting the tipping point where tech sprawl has actually become counter-productive.
Security teams are spending so much time simply managing the tech stack and drowning in all the associated alerts that it detracts from security effectiveness.
Secure Access Service Edge
Sa
Negligent
Insiders
Ni
Organized
Crime
Oc
Nation
State
Nt
Hacktivist
Ha
According to the U.S. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), malicious insiders might pose intentional threats to an organization for personal or financial gain.
Since insiders are familiar with an organization's security environment, they know how to take advantage of less-obvious vulnerabilities. Malicious insiders are thus much harder to detect and contain.
Cybercriminals are increasingly organizing among themselves, leading to the creation of a variety of cybercrime as-a-Service platforms, including ransomware as-a-Service (RaaS) and malware as-a-Service (MaaS).
These services allow criminals to conduct cyberattacks without knowing how to write a single line of code or how to find buyers for any data they steal.
It might seem odd to think of governments as potential threat actors, but in recent years, nation-state and state-backed threat actors have been on the rise.
This group of cyber combatants, sometimes also referred to as advanced persistent threats (APTs), typically possess the most sophisticated capabilities due to direct or clandestine government funding and support.
A small minority of breaches are related to hacktivist activity, where goals are related to neither financial gain nor espionage, but rather ideological ends.
Common hacktivist tactics include denial-of-service attacks designed to send a public message in support of their cause. They often utilize hyperbolic messaging to express their grievances against the entity they are targeting.
Threat Actors
In order to gain enemy perspective, enterprises need to view their digital footprint with malicious intent.
Data
Protection
Dp
DevSecOps
Dso
Third-Party Risk
Management
Trm
Artificial
Intelligence
Ai
Detection &
Response
Dr
Orchestration
& Automation
Oa
Penetration
Testing
Pt
Fusion Center
Fc
Traditional security perimeters are dissolving as organizations accelerate digital transformation initiatives and extend their IT estates outside of corporate networks and into the public cloud and IoT. Zero Trust (ZT) is not a new technology, but rather a pragmatic framework for how to integrate multiple security controls. ZT relies heavily on IAM and emphasizes a couple important principles:
Never trust, always verify. Continuously authenticate and authorize identities at multiple points across the IT estate. Just because an identity was admitted at one point of entry does not mean it can be “trusted” to access all other resources on the network.
Enforce least privilege. Ensure identities can access only those resources which are required to complete their job function and nothing more.
DevSecOps is a software development best practice that embraces the inherent agility benefits of DevOps, but recognizes that security testing and validation needs to be infused early in the process.
An effective DevSecOps program promotes collaboration between release engineers and security teams and expands responsibility for security to include everyone. The end goal is to ensure code is delivered quickly and securely.
To more rapidly access required capabilities or enhance business agility, organizations are increasingly relying on partnerships with third-party entities. These third-party relationships often involve important IT connectivity and potentially the sharing of sensitive information.
Unless properly managed, this partner ecosystem can represent a significant cybersecurity risk as attackers look to exploit the weakest links in order to gain access to their primary target. In such a dynamic environment, a set-it-and-forget-it approach to third-party risk management is inadequate and needs to be fortified with continuous review and analysis.
Artificial intelligence (AI) involves machines that can perform tasks that are characteristic of human intelligence.
Security practitioners have signficant optimism about the potential positive impact of AI for cyber defense. However, cyber adversaries will also harness the power of AI to launch increasingly sophisticated and dynamically adapting attacks.
Initiatives based on AI and machine learning (ML) rapidly rose in strategic importance for organizations over the past couple years, and notably accelerated in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. Speculation abounds about the future promised by AI- and ML-powered security tools and attack techniques, but we're still in the early days of both technologies, so their abilities remain relatively narrow in scope.
Popular new tools incorporate data at the endpoint (endpoint detection and response, or EDR) and in the network.
Increasingly, telemetry beyond the endpoint and network is being aggregated into an XDR (extended detection and response) platform.
Security organizations are struggling due to a shortage of talent and an abundance of tools to manage and alert overload.
Security orchestration, automation and response (SOAR) platforms provide
relief by aggregating security intelligence and context from disparate systems and applying machine intelligence to streamline (or even automate) the incident detection and response process.
Advanced Security Programs
These advanced security elements provide the knowledge and tools you need to advance your program’s maturity.
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It's not a matter of "if" but "when." Incidents come in many sizes, and if they catch an organization unprepared, the damage can be financial and reputational--possibly resulting in the loss of customers/employees. Organizations with an Incident Response Plan (IRP) who practice it regularly and test their people, processes and technology for gaps are in the best position to respond and recover in the event of an attack.
For some organizations, minimizing the disruption to business operations means having a partner on call for incident response, with guarantees service-level agreements for event handling, years of experience with security incidents and a proven Incident Management Framework (IMF) derived from industry standards.
Cyber threat intelligence (CTI) is critical to gain perspective on adversarial tactics, techniques and procedures. CTI helps security teams be more proactive in threat prevention and more effective in threat detection and response. CTI is also a key input for proactive threat hunting.
Threat hunting is a proactive, ongoing effort to identify and eradicate adversaries that have already pierced security controls and are dwelling in an organization's network.
Effective threat hunting leverages threat intelligence, telemetry from security tools and the ingenuity of the threat analyst to uncover hidden threats.
For Optiv, the concept of "fusion center" describes a necessary evolution and improvement beyond current-generation SOC capabilities that center around device management and monitoring.
In contrast to SOCs, fusion centers are designed to be proactive and can be thought of as technology enhanced by human oversight. A fusion center takes a holistic view of the environment, rather than focusing solely on endpoints and known vulnerabilities.
These elements represent innovations and trends in technology that we believe will have a direct impact on digital security.
The U.S. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) divides unintentional threats into two categories: negligent and accidental threats.
Negligent insiders might have a sense of security awareness, but they still do not adhere to security best practices because they ignore them or underestimate the severity of threats. An accidental threat, on the other hand, is a result of a lack of understanding of threats.
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Secure Access
Service Edge
Sas
Secure Access
Service Edge
Sas
Ra
Role &
Accountability
Bu
Budget
Staffing
St
Technology
Te
Optimization
Oz
Malicious
Insiders
Mi
Negligent
Insiders
Ni
Organized
Crime
Oc
Nation
State
Nt
Hacktivist
Ha
Digital
Transformation
Almost every organization recognizes the importance of digital transformation (DX). However, DX initiatives frequently outpace the ability of the IT organization to provide effective security.
Future growth will depend on the adoption of a different business model and a new set of assumptions about what success will look like.
Download the Service Brief
Business Fundamentals
Business Fundamentals
Learn More About
Governance
Vist Optiv's Identity Governance
and Administration Page
The number of identities organizations must manage is ballooning, especially when you factor in all the non-human ones, like bots, applications and systems.
Identity governance can help you understand the state and sources of all your identities and also includes things like account administration, role-based access control, segregation of duties and identity auditing.
Governance
Business Fundamentals
Learn More About
Risk Management
Visit Optiv's Third Party
Risk Management Solutions Page
Digital transformation means risk is getting more complex. The trouble is, many organizations are struggling to keep up. We've found that the biggest three areas for improvement are:
1. Risk and data governance: Organizations don't always know where their data is, who can access it or how it's protected.
2. Keeping pace with changes: Lots of things are changing and they're changing fast. Data is rapidly moving to the cloud and there are more connected devices than ever before (with no signs of slowing down).
3. Communication: Explaining the current health of your security is tricky enough; it gets harder when leaders don't speak technology.
Risk
Management
Business Fundamentals
The digital ambitions of most organizations can also dramatically expand their cyber attack surface by pushing IT infrastructure into the cloud, connecting IoT and accelerating software development cycles.
Security leaders must become more aware of business objectives and strive to demonstrate how cyber programs enable business success.
Business
Alignment
Business Fundamentals
Learn More About
Compliance
Visit Optiv's Cybersecurity Compliance
Services Page
Regulations are constantly evolving as evidenced by the recent initiation of new regulations like the Cyber Incident Reporting Act in the U.S. and provisional agreement on the Digital Operational Resilience Act (DORA) in the EU.
Due to the risk of financial penalties and adverse impacts to the business, compliance mandates are listed among the top factors that drive cybersecurity programs.
Compliance
To effectively compete in the digital economy, companies are investing in new technologies faster than ever before. But they often underestimate the impact these technology investments have on people and processes.
Change often is met with resistance, but Organizational Change Management helps organizations to quickly and effectively align stakeholders, onboard users and accelerate adoption.
Change
Management
IT Fundamentals
Learn More About
Configuration Management
Download the Endpoint Configuration Review
Configuration management proactively and continuously monitors and hardens the security configurations of an organization’s operating systems, applications and network devices. A formalized configuration management program is important to demonstrate compliance with various regulations including PCI DSS and HIPAA.
Configuration
Management
IT Fundamentals
Asset management is critical to an effective cybersecurity strategy. You can't properly secure what you don't know exists.
In addition, by continuously tracking and optimizing the IT asset footprint, other functions such as patch management become far more streamlined.
Asset
Management
IT Fundamentals
Learn More About
Patch Management
Download the Vulnerability Management Service Brief
Effective patch management is a critical component within a security program. Many high-impact breaches stem from unpatched vulnerabilities, where the patches already exist.
However, teams have to find the time to test and implement patches across complex environments, which is not always a fast or easy process. Knowing what is being exploited by attackers and how critical vulnerabilities are within your environment can make a big difference.
Patch
Management
Dx
Go
Rm
Co
Pr
Business Fundamentals
Learn More About
Privacy
Visit Optiv's Data Privacy
Page
Consumer privacy laws have expanded in recent years, with five U.S. states enacting new protections that take effect in 2023. But that's just the tip of the Privacy iceberg as organizations grapple with a complex web of regulatory obligations and consumer expectations. Organizations that build a people-first privacy program will be ready to face the challenges ahead.
Privacy
Ba
Am
Cm
Pm
Cfg
Iam
IT Fundamentals
Learn More About Identity Access Managment
Download the Accelerate Identity Modernization in 3 Steps Guide
Many breaches are the result of deficiencies in IAM programs and with the rise in remote work, a trend that's likely to continue. However, many aspects of IAM can be complex and require the development of a formalized plan to drive maturity and support business initiatives.
We often see identity handed in a technology- or problem-forward way, but it's best to take a holistic, integrated approach.
Identity Access
Management
Security Program Fundamentals
Network security is likely one of the largest line items in the security technology budget. In the era of digital transformation, the old paradigm of the protected network perimeter has become less relevant. Network security concepts are being forced to morph with the advent of virtual/cloud IT environments and distributed IoT devices.
Among the multitude of security assessments Optiv conducts for clients annually, data protection stands out as one of the lowest maturity disciplines in most organizations.
Penalties for poor data protection practices are set to escalate due to new regulations such as GDPR. Optiv expects continued strong corporate investment in data security infrastructure, including data access governance, encryption and DLP.
Network
Security
Ns
Security Program Fundamentals
Email should be a focal point for security executives for several reasons. First, it continues to be one of the most effective attack vectors for cybercriminals.
Second, an organization-wide breach can be sparked with a single click. Business email compromises (BECs) have emerged as a top social engineering tactic with reports of misrepresentation rising.
Email
Management
Em
Security Program Fundamentals
Secure web gateways represent a mature market, but they provide value for advanced URL filtering and threat defense. Traditional web security capability is becoming increasingly sourced from cloud-based offerings rather than on-prem appliances.
Taking that trend a step further, many technology vendors are increasingly consolidating web security, CASB, DLP, lighter-weight firewall and other security components and delivering them as an integrated cloud service.
Web
Security
Ws
Security Program Fundamentals
Learn More About
Vulnerability Management
Download the Field Guide
New vulnerabilites appear every day, but the majority of exploited vulnerabilites are already known by security and IT professionals at the time of an incident.
When it comes to managing their vulnerabilities, many organizations are playing "Whack-a-Mole," but an effective vulnerability management program includes continuous scanning, prioritized remediation, completion tracking, root-cause analysis and detailed reporting.
Vulnerability
Management
Vm
Security Program Fundamentals
Learn More About Penetration Testing
Download the Service Brief
Attack surfaces are growing and organizations are having a hard time keeping up with new threat vectors. Vulnerabilities, misconfigurations and gaps in security can leave an organization open to attacks such as malware, ransomware, data theft and more.
Penetration Testing can help find the vulnerabilities in your environment and close those gaps to improve your security posture. Organizations that only use automated tools or run automated penetration tests can miss gaps in defenses. Optiv recommends methods that go beyond traditional automated scanning to test your attack surface inside and out.
Penetration
Testing
Pt
Security Program Fundamentals
Learn More About Application Security
Download the Service Brief
Web application vulnerabilities are a leading source of security incidents. Organizations struggle to secure APIs, and attackers have taken notice by increasing their focus on APIs.
From December 2020 to June 2021, the percentage of API traffic that was malicious grew from 1.4% to 2.6%. Finding and fixing vulnerabilities can be tough when it is not clear which and how many apps need to be secured.
Application Security experts help organizations innovate digitally and securely through the identification and mitigation of security risks in application technologies, processes and code.
Application
Security
As
Security Program Fundamentals
Learn More About Cloud Security
Download the Service Brief
Public cloud services are the foundation of the digital business’s agility and innovation. As companies rush to the cloud, however, input from the security team is not relied upon as frequently as perhaps it should be.
As organizations increasingly shift their workloads into the public cloud, best practices suggest that security teams should be involved early in the strategy process to minimize risk.
Cloud
Security
Cs
Security Program Fundamentals
Being ready and able to respond is best accomplished by continually assessing your security controls and processes, as well as testing and training people.
The best defense is a holistic approach to Threat Management where you test and assess your people, processes and technology, remediate your vulnerabilities and build your capabilities to respond and recover from incidents.
Threat
Management
Tm
Security Program Fundamentals
Learn More About Security Info & Event Management
Visit Optiv's SIEM Services Page
Security information and event management (SIEM) is a foundational tool that provides better visibility into threats, accelerates detection and response and boosts the efficiency of security operations.
Unfortunately, SIEMs can be expensive to resource and complex to operate. To be most effective, SIEMs require continuous fine tuning.
Security Info &
Event Mgmt
Si
Security Program Fundamentals
Learn More About Security Operations Centers
Watch Video
Many organizations have developed security operations centers (SOCs), which are traditionally built around a team of people who enhance their ability to monitor and manage alerts with technology.
They are typically reactive in nature, with logs and rules keyed towards monitoring the network and endpoints and focusing on known threats. A SOC is a great start, but due to their reactive nature, increasingly sophisticated threat actors and the perennial challenge of keeping security seats filled, they often fall behind. These days, savvy security organizations are shifting to the more proactive fusion center model.
Security
Operations
Center
Soc
Security Program Fundamentals
Learn More About
Incident Response
Download the Service Brief
It's not a matter of "if" but "when." Incidents come in many sizes, and if they catch an organization unprepared, the damage can be financial and reputational--possibly resulting in the loss of customers/employees. Organizations with an Incident Response Plan (IRP) who practice it regularly and test their people, processes and technology for gaps are in the best position to respond and recover in the event of an attack.
For some organizations, minimizing the disruption to business operations means having a partner on call for incident response, with guarantees service-level agreements for event handling, years of experience with security incidents and a proven Incident Management Framework (IMF) derived from industry standards.
Incident
Response
Ir
Learn More About Cyber Threat Intelligence
View Optiv's Threat Intelligence Services
Cyber threat intelligence (CTI) is critical to gain perspective on adversarial tactics, techniques and procedures. CTI helps security teams be more proactive in threat prevention and more effective in threat detection and response. CTI is also a key input for proactive threat hunting.
Cyber Threat
Intelligence
Cti
Security Program Fundamentals
Learn More About
Endpoint Security
Download the Endpoint Security Service Brief
Due to the growing sophistication of attacks, endpoint security was forced to evolve beyond signature-based blocking. Therefore, next-gen antivirus incorporates new prevention techniques that do not rely on signatures.
Endpoint detection and response (EDR) is a complex technology that is most applicable for mature security organizations, but can also be effectively leveraged through relationships with outside managed detection and response (MDR) providers.
Endpoint
Security
Es
Security Program Fundamentals
Organizations struggle with expanding amounts of data, a growing number of security tools and an increase in locations where data--especially sensitive data--is stored. Plus, changing regulatory and compliance requirements add complexity for organizations when creating data protection strategies and implementing technology solutions.
Data Protection was called out as the most effective technology to reduce cyber risks among more than twenty security technology categories in a recent survey of security executives by Optiv/ESI ThoughtLab. Not surprisingly, data protection was also identified as the area of largest current investment focus.
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Advanced Security Programs
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Zero Trust
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DevSecOps
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Third Party
Risk
Management
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Machine Learning
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Detection and Response
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Detection and
Response
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and Automation
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Threat Hunting
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Traditional security perimeters are dissolving as organizations accelerate digital transformation initiatives and extend their IT estates outside of corporate networks and into the public cloud and IoT. Zero Trust (ZT) is not a new technology, but rather a pragmatic framework for how to integrate multiple security controls. ZT relies heavily on IAM and emphasizes a couple important principles:
Never trust, always verify. Continuously authenticate and authorize identities at multiple points across the IT estate. Just because an identity was admitted at one point of entry does not mean it can be “trusted” to access all other resources on the network.
Enforce least privilege. Ensure identities can access only those resources which are required to complete their job function and nothing more.
DevSecOps is a software development best practice that embraces the inherent agility benefits of DevOps, but recognizes that security testing and validation needs to be infused early in the process.
An effective DevSecOps program promotes collaboration between release engineers and security teams and expands responsibility for security to include everyone. The end goal is to ensure code is delivered quickly and securely.
Advanced Security Programs
Advanced Security Programs
To more rapidly access required capabilities or enhance business agility, organizations are increasingly relying on partnerships with third-party entities. These third-party relationships often involve important IT connectivity and potentially the sharing of sensitive information.
Unless properly managed, this partner ecosystem can represent a significant cybersecurity risk as attackers look to exploit the weakest links in order to gain access to their primary target. In such a dynamic environment, a set-it-and-forget-it approach to third-party risk management is inadequate and needs to be fortified with continuous review and analysis.
Machine learning (ML) analyzes and synthesizes an avalanche of information that humans alone could not match. It's the practice of using algorithms to parse data, learn from it and then make a determination or prediction about something in the world.
ML could ultimately represent another attack vector for cyber adversaries as they look to hack into and corrupt ML processing models to degrade their capabilities for cyber defense.
Advanced Security Programs
Popular new tools incorporate data at the endpoint (endpoint detection and response, or EDR) and in the network. Increasingly, telemetry beyond the endpoint and network is being aggregated into an XDR (extended detection and response) platform.
Advanced Security Programs
Security organizations are struggling due to a shortage of talent and an abundance of tools to manage and alert overload.
Security orchestration, automation and response (SOAR) platforms provide relief by aggregating security intelligence and context from disparate systems and applying machine intelligence to streamline (or even automate) the incident detection and response process.
Advanced Security Programs
Threat hunting is a proactive, ongoing effort to identify and eradicate adversaries that have already pierced security controls and are dwelling in an organization's network. Effective threat hunting leverages threat intelligence, telemetry from security tools and the ingenuity of the threat analyst to uncover hidden threats.
Advanced Security Programs
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Secure Access Service Edge (SASE) is a term coined by Gartner in 2019. While still emerging, SASE can dramatically simplify WAN access and security for remote worker and distributed branch office use cases. In the SASE model, intelligence to deliver WAN access and security are consolidated into a cloud-delivered offering.
This dramatically reduces the burden at the branch level to manage on-prem infrastructure, while at the same time harnessing the agility of the cloud to seamlessly support growth in users or functionality. From a security standpoint, SASE aspires to consolidate multiple controls, including, but not limited to: secure web gateway, CASB, DLP, Zero Trust network access/software defined perimeter and firewalling.
Secure Access
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Artificial Intelligence
Read "AI and the Art of Avoiding Cyberattacks" Blog Post
Artificial intelligence (AI) involves machines that can perform tasks that are characteristic of human intelligence. Security practitioners have signficant optimism about the potential positive impact of AI for cyber defense. However, cyber adversaries will also harness the power of AI to launch increasingly sophisticated and dynamically adapting attacks.
Initiatives based on AI and machine learning (ML) rapidly rose in strategic importance for organizations over the past couple years, and notably accelerated in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. Speculation abounds about the future promised by AI- and ML-powered security tools and attack techniques, but we're still in the early days of both technologies, so their abilities remain relatively narrow in scope.
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Big Data
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As organizations’ use of big data continues to grow, extracting value while maintaining security has become a greater challenge.
For the average organization, security technologies are often siloed, creating an overwhelming amount of threat telemetry that’s difficult to capture and analyze. Optiv helps clients design, build and secure big data infrastructures by analyzing (and effectively normalizing) data to drive business benefit. These solutions can unite and fully harness the power of existing security technologies.
Optiv big data solutions can also be deployed in support of general business use cases to enhance insights and decision making around initiatives such as revenue optimization, customer engagement and cost reduction.
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Emerging Technology
Web3 is a term coined in 2014 to describe a possible future of the internet based on the ideal of decentralization as enabled by blockchain technology. This concept was developed as a reaction to the perceived over-centralization of the internet in the hands of large corporations under the current Web2 model. Proponents argue that applications of blockchain like cryptocurrency, smart contracts and non-fungible tokens (NFTs) will allow anyone with sufficient coding knowledge to build their own platforms outside of what is currently established. However, critics claim that Web3 is a murky idea at best and that it could lead instead to decreased moderation and an increase in harmful content and cybercrime, while only shifting power, not decentralizing it.
Interest in Web3 has picked up since 2021, though the infrastructure to actually implement it is still lacking. According to a 2022 paper published by Zhuotao Liu et al., the three key enablers are “individual smart-contract capable blockchains, federated or centralized platforms capable of pushing verifiable states, and an interoperability platform to hyperconnect those state publishers to provide a unified and connected computing platform.”
Web3
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Emerging Technology
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Blockchain
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Blockchain is a method to record transactions that provides high security by design: transactions are verified with advanced cryptography and spread across many computers in a peer-to-peer network (distributed ledger).
Blockchain implementations are still nascent, and this immaturity makes it challenging to predict the ultimate impact the technology will have.
Blockchain applications are of particular interest to threat actors capitalizing on emerging technologies. This technology will likely influence cybersecurity applications related to data and identity integrity and transaction protection. Blockchain captured the imagination of the market, but production deployments at scale are limited so far.
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CISO Constraints
By protecting criticial systems from downtime and safeguarding customer privacy, security leaders are quickly becoming critical partners for digital transformation success. That said, CISOs have their work cut out for them in terms of continuing to educate business executives and the board of directors about the challenges and accomplishments of their role. CISOs typically come from a technical background, while executives usually don't, often leading to cultural miscommunications.
Security programs continue to consolidate under the leadership of the CISO. In larger organizations, the CIO and CISO tend to share responsibility for the security program. Previously an uncommon title, the share of organizations with a CISO role has been steadily rising.
Role and
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CISO Constraints
Lack of budget continues to rank among the top inhibitors to building an effective security program. Cybersecurity generally occupies 5-15% of IT budgets.
A quick budget win for any organization is to evaluate your current security stack to ensure you're deriving the most value out of existing tools before buying new ones.
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CISO Constraints
Lack of skilled personnel is consistently mentioned by organizations as one of the top inhibitors to building effective cybersecurity programs. Organizations can create substantial competitive advantage based on their ability to attract, train and retain cyber talent. Another alternative is to leverage outside experts through consulting or outsourcing partnerships.
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CISO Constraints
Optiv routinely sees client environments that utilize 50 or more discrete security technologies. There is certainly no shortage of well-funded cybersecurity technology companies out there all positioning their vision as the best solution in the market. This presents a major challenge for security practitioners and one where a trusted partner like Optiv is ideally positioned to help provide perspective and guidance.
Tackling your technology is tough and it is easy for your technology to get out of hand. Rationalizing, optimizing and managing are all key activities to think about with your security technology to ensure your technology is working well for you and maximizing your effectiveness.
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CISO Constraints
Due to an overwhelming number of disparate tools in their environment, many organizations are hitting the tipping point where tech sprawl has actually become counter-productive. Security teams are spending so much time simply managing the tech stack and drowning in all the associated alerts that it detracts from security effectiveness.
It's not easy to validate which tools in the environment are actually performing as expected and providing value. The ideal architecture would consist of the minimum number of tools that could be tightly integrated to provide the maximum security effectiveness. Investments in underutilized or underperforming tools could then be recycled into higher ROI propositions.
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Threat Actors
According to the U.S. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), malicious insiders might pose intentional threats to an organization for personal or financial gain.
Since insiders are familiar with an organization's security environment, they know how to take advantage of less-obvious vulnerabilities. Malicious insiders are thus much harder to detect and contain.
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Threat Actors
Innocent mistakes and carelessness can cause significant negative impacts for a breached organization. This is especially true in remote work settings, as all workplace activity is not centralized on in-office devices, networks and systems.
The U.S. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) divides unintentional threats into two categories: negligent and accidental threats. Negligent insiders might have a sense of security awareness, but they still do not adhere to security best practices because they ignore them or underestimate the severity of threats. For example, they might neglect to download a new security update or allow someone claiming to be a contract worker into their workplace building elevator without question. An accidental threat, on the other hand, is a result of a lack of understanding of threats. Clicking malicious links from phishing emails is common example of an accidental threat. To reduce threats from negligent emails, security awareness and training are vital.
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Cybercriminals are increasingly organizing among themselves, leading to the creation of a variety of cybercrime as-a-Service platforms, including ransomware as-a-Service (RaaS) and malware as-a-Service (MaaS). These services allow criminals to conduct cyberattacks without knowing how to write a single line of code or how to find buyers for any data they steal. Security companies would do well to follow the example set by collaborative criminals: hackers have decided they're all on the same team, so we should be, too.
Threat Actors
Nation State
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It might seem odd to think of governments as potential threat actors, but in recent years, nation-state and state-backed threat actors have been on the rise. This group of cyber combatants, sometimes also referred to as advanced persistent threats (APTs), typically possess the most sophisticated capabilities due to direct or clandestine government funding and support.
Although nation-states like China, Russia, North Korea and Iran typically deny any connection to these groups, their goals frequently align with those of the government hosting them.
Threat Actors
Hacktivist
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A small minority of breaches are related to hacktivist activity, where goals are related to neither financial gain nor espionage, but rather ideological ends.
Common hacktivist tactics include denial-of-service attacks designed to send a public message in support of their cause. They often utilize hyperbolic messaging to express their grievances against the entity they are targeting.
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Data Protection
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Threat Management
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DevSecOps
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Fusion Centers
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Malicious Insiders
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Negligent Insiders
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Learn More About Cybersecurity Consolidation
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Optimization
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CISO Periodic Table
CISO PERIODIC TABLE
Resilience
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Resilience
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Natural Lang
Processing
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Natural Lang
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Security Program Fundamentals
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Cyber breaches are a fact of doing business these days, but resilience in the face of cyberattacks means more than a beefed-up business continuity and disaster recovery (BCDR) plan.
Resilient organizations shift from a reactive mindset to a proactive one that allows them to bounce back stronger than before.
Resilience
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Emerging Technology
Natural language processing (NLP) has its origins in the 1950s, beginning with a portion of Alan Turing’s proposed test of computer intelligence and John Searle’s Chinese Room experiment. Early NLP was based on giving a computer a set of rules which it then applied to language data, which could produce deceptively human-like responses – so long as the computer “knew” the right rules. The 1980s marked a transition to a statistical model that gave translations as an array of possibilities weighted by certainty. In the mid-2010s, the field shifted to focus on deep neural networks for machine learning, where research continues today.
The potential applications for NLP are breathtaking. Implementations of natural-language generation, dialogue management and question answering could reduce load on IT and security teams by handling simple end-user requests and processing log alerts into language that is more readily understood.
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Business Alignment
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Business Fundamentals
Business Fundamentals
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Email Management
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Web Security
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Advanced Security Programs
For Optiv, the concept of "fusion center" describes a necessary evolution and improvement beyond current-generation SOC capabilities that center around device management and monitoring.
In contrast to SOCs, fusion centers are designed to be proactive and can be thought of as technology enhanced by human oversight. A fusion center takes a holistic view of the environment, rather than focusing solely on endpoints and known vulnerabilities.
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Accountability
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Learn More About Organized Crime
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Nation State
Visit the Blog Post "Russia/Ukraine Update – February 2023"
Big Data
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Machine
Learning
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Resilience
Rs
Secure Access
Service Edge
Sas
Machine learning (ML) analyzes and synthesizes an avalanche of information that humans alone could not match. It's the practice of using algorithms to parse data, learn from it and then make a determination or prediction about something in the world.
ML could ultimately represent another attack vector for cyber adversaries as they look to hack into and corrupt ML processing models to degrade their capabilities for cyber defense.
As organizations’ use of big data continues to grow, extracting value while maintaining security has become a greater challenge.
For the average organization, security technologies are often siloed, creating an overwhelming amount of threat telemetry that’s difficult to capture and analyze. Optiv helps clients design, build and secure big data infrastructures by analyzing (and effectively normalizing) data to drive business benefit.
Cyber breaches are a fact of doing business these days, but resilience in the face of cyberattacks means more than a beefed-up business continuity and disaster recovery (BCDR) plan.
Resilient organizations shift from a reactive mindset to a proactive one that allows them to bounce back stronger than before.
Threat
Hunting
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The proliferation of connected devices, including internet of things (IoT), interntet of medical things (IoMT) and operational technology (OT), promises to greatly enhance user experience for consumer-focused implementations and boost operational efficiencies and effectiveness within enterprise applications.
However, the resulting increase in the number of smart endpoints connected to corporate networks also creates significantly more entry points for cyber adversaries.
Secure Access Service Edge (SASE) is a term coined by Gartner in 2019. While still emerging, SASE can dramatically simplify WAN access and security for remote worker and distributed branch office use cases.
In the SASE model, intelligence to deliver WAN access and security are consolidated into a cloud-delivered offering.
Advanced Security Programs
Operational Technology
Ot
Operational Technology
Ot
Operational
Technology
Advanced Security Programs
Ot
Learn More About Operational Technology
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The proliferation of connected devices, including internet of things (IoT), interntet of medical things (IoMT) and operational technology (OT), promises to greatly enhance user experience for consumer-focused implementations and boost operational efficiencies and effectiveness within enterprise applications.
However, the resulting increase in the number of smart endpoints connected to corporate networks also creates significantly more entry points for cyber adversaries.
Learn More About Natural Language Processing
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Learn More About Web3
Visit the Blog Post "Solving Metaverse Vulnerabilities and Threats is No Piece of Cake"
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Compliance
Regulations are constantly evolving as evidenced by the recent initiation of new regulations like the Cyber Incident Reporting Act in the U.S. and provisional agreement on the Digital Operational Resilience Act (DORA) in the EU.
Due to the risk of financial penalties and adverse impacts to the business, compliance mandates are listed among the top factors that drive cybersecurity programs.
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Business Alignment
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Big Data
Identity and Access Management
Configuration Management
Patch Management
Asset Management
Resilience
Cyber Threat Itelligence
Incident Response
Security Operations Center
Security Information and Event Management
Security information and event management (SIEM) is a foundational tool that provides better visibility into threats, accelerates detection and response and boosts the efficiency of security operations.
Unfortunately, SIEMs can be expensive to resource and complex to operate. To be most effective, SIEMs require continuous fine tuning.
Threat Management
Cloud Security
Application Security
Penetration Testing
Vulnerability Management
Web Security
Email Management
Endpoint Security
Network Security
Data Protection
Secure Access Service Edge
Operational Technology
Fusion Center
Threat Hunting
Orchestration and Automation
Detection and Response
Artificial Intelligence
Third-Party Risk Management
DevSecOps
Zero Trust
Blockchain
Web3
Natural Langage Processing
Natural Langage Processing
Optimization
Technology
Staffing
Budget
Role and Accountability
Hacktivist
Nation State
Organized Crime
Negligent Insiders
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Free Training Courses
Embracing Secure AI: Unlocking the Power of AI Literacy and Awareness
Embracing Secure AI: A Strategic Imperative for Business Stakeholders
Field Guide: Why IAM Is a Top Cybersecurity Priority
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Identity Governance and Administration (IGA)
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Secure Access Service Edge (SASE): A Comprehensive, Unified Solution Against Cyber Threats
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