SALMON CASE STUDY
Objective: explore the role of antimicrobial peptides β-defensins and cathelicidins in N. perurans, which causes amoebic gill disease (AGD)
Utilization of Standard BioTools™ products:
• Biomark™ HD system
• 48.48 Dynamic Array™ IFCs
Conclusions:
• Biomark HD shows β-defensins-3 and -4 and cathelicidin-2 were upregulated in gills of
parasite-challenged salmon
• Indicate potential novel roles in innate immune responses to N. perurans
Objective: The objective of this study was to measure gene expression levels of Hemocyte immune response genes when exposed to White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) and Fusarium solani (fungal) in order to understand the molecular mechanisms driving shrimp-pathogen interactions to develop strategies to control disease outbreaks in shrimp production systems with L. vannamei.
Utilization of Standard BioTools products:
Biomark System
NanoFlex 4-IFC Controller
96.96 dynamic arrays
Real-Time PCR Analysis Software
Conclusions:
Genes that were monitored showed up regulation and down regulation over the time course study.
Results reported can serve as immunomarkers for mortality events and could help reduce the loss in shrimp production systems
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Results and conclusions
Results
• In infected salmon, β-defensin and cathelicidin expression was
upregulated in the gill in response to early phase of parasitic
infection, before clinical presentation was observed
• Upregulation not observed in infected intestine and swim
bladder, suggesting there is just a localized immune response in
the gill at early stages of infection
• β-defensin and cathelicidin expression found in healthy swim
bladder for the first time
Conclusions
• Atlantic salmon AMP genes play a novel role in early
asymptomatic innate immune responses to the parasite N.
perurans
• β-defensin and cathelicidin expression confirmed in both healthy
and infected Atlantic salmon
• Swim bladder (whose ancillary functions are largely unexplored)
may have a novel immune role
Background
• AGD is an infection of Atlantic salmon caused by N. perurans, and is a significant contributing factor to fish mortality
• Antimicrobial peptides (AMP) β-defensins and cathelicidins,
mediators of early immune response, have not yet been
evaluated in relation to AGD
• To assess the functional role that these genes play in local and
systemic responses to infection, the authors measured gene
expression in swim bladder, gill and intestine from healthy and
infected salmon
Methods
• Total RNA was extracted from swim bladder (n=12), whole
intestine (n=12) and whole gill (n=12) in control and infected
salmon
• Standard BioTools workflows for reverse transcription,
preamplification and data analysis were followed.
• Data was collected using the 48.48 GE IFC on Biomark HD
• Housekeeping genes elongation factor 1αa (EF1αa) and
elongation factor 1αb (EF1αb) were selected as they are stable
across a range of organs in Atlantic salmon